Tommaso Albinoni (Tomaso Albinoni) |

Thomas Albinoni

Naanị ihe ole na ole ka a maara banyere ndụ T. Albinoni, onye Ịtali violin na onye na-ede egwú. A mụrụ ya na Venice na ezinụlọ burgers bara ọgaranya na, o doro anya na ọ nwere ike iji nwayọọ mụọ egwu egwu, na-echegbu onwe ya karịsịa maka ọnọdụ ego ya. Site na 1711, ọ kwụsịrị ịbịanye aka na ihe nkiri ya "Venetian dilettante" (delettanta venete) wee kpọọ onwe ya musico de violino, si otú ahụ na-emesi mgbanwe ya na ọkwa ọkachamara. Ebe na onye Albinoni gụrụ akwụkwọ amaghị. A kwenyere na J. Legrenzi. Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye ya gasịrị, onye na-ede egwú kwagara Verona. N'ụzọ doro anya, ruo oge ụfọdụ o biri na Florence - ọ dịkarịa ala n'ebe ahụ, na 1703, e mere otu n'ime operas ya (Griselda, na libre. A. Zeno). Albinoni gara Germany ma, n'ụzọ doro anya, gosipụtara onwe ya n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye ọkachamara pụtara ìhè, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ onye e nyere nsọpụrụ nke ide na ịrụ ọrụ na Munich (1722) opera maka agbamakwụkwọ nke Prince Charles Albert.

Ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ a maara banyere Albinoni, ma e wezụga na ọ nwụrụ na Venice.

Ọrụ nke onye na-ede egwú gbadara anyị na-abụkwa ole na ole - tumadi instrumental concertos na sonatas. Otú ọ dị, n'ịbụ onye dịkọrọ ndụ nke A. Vivaldi, JS Bach na GF Handel, Albinoni anọgideghị n'ọkwa nke ndị na-ede egwú bụ nanị ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme egwú mara aha ha. N'oge ezumike nke nkà ihe egwu Ịtali nke Baroque, megidere ndabere nke ọrụ nke ndị ọkachamara egwu egwu egwu nke narị afọ nke XNUMX - ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX. – T. Martini, F. Veracini, G. Tartini, A. Corelli, G. Torelli, A. Vivaldi na ndị ọzọ – Albinoni kwuru ya dị ịrịba ama okwu nka, nke ka oge na-aga hụrụ na ekele site ụmụ.

A na-eme ihe nkiri Albinoni n'ọtụtụ ebe ma dekọọ na ndekọ. Mana enwere ihe akaebe nke nnabata nke ọrụ ya n'oge ndụ ya. Na 1718, e bipụtara otu nchịkọta na Amsterdam, nke gụnyere concertos 12 nke ndị na-ede egwú Ịtali a ma ama n'oge ahụ. N'ime ha bụ egwu egwu Albinoni na G major, nke kacha mma na mkpokọta a. Nnukwu Bach, bụ onye ji nlezianya mụọ egwu nke ndị ya na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, wepụtara Albinoni's sonatas, mma plastik nke egwu egwu ha, ma dee ya clavier fugues na abụọ n'ime ha. Ihe akaebe nke aka Bach mere na 6 sonatas nke Albinoni (op. 6) ka echekwara. N'ihi ya, Bach mụtara n'ihe ndị Albinoni mere.

Anyị maara 9 opuses nke Albinoni - n'etiti ha cycles nke trio sonatas (op. 1, 3, 4, 6, 8) na cycles nke "symphonies" na concertos (op. 2, 5, 7, 9). N'ịzụlite ụdị concerto grosso nke mepụtara na Corelli na Torelli, Albinoni na-enweta ọmarịcha nka nka n'ime ya - na plasticity nke ntụgharị site na tutti na solo (nke ọ na-enwekarị 3), na lyricism kachasị mma, ịdị ọcha nke ụdị. Ihe nkiri op. 7 na op. 9, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-agụnye oboe (op. 7 nos. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11), bụ ndị pụrụ iche na-abụ abụ ịma mma nke solo akụkụ. A na-akpọkarị ha oboe concertos.

N'iji ya tụnyere Vivaldi's concertos, obosara ha, akụkụ ndị na-egbuke egbuke virtuosic solo, ọdịiche, ike na mmasị, Albinoni's concertos pụtara maka njide ha na-ejide onwe ha, nkọwa mara mma nke akwa orchestral, melodism, nkà nke usoro contrapuntal (ya mere Bach na-elebara ha anya) na , kacha mkpa, na ọ fọrọ nke nta anya concreteness nke nka oyiyi, n'azụ nke onye nwere ike maa mmetụta nke opera.

Albinoni dere ihe dị ka opera 50 (karịa onye na-ede opera Handel), nke ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ndụ ya niile. Ikpe ikpe site na utu aha ("Cenobia" - 1694, "Tigran" - 1697, "Radamisto" - 1698, "Rodrigo" - 1702, "Griselda" - 1703, "Ahapụ Dido" - 1725, wdg), nakwa site na site na. aha nke libertists (F. Silvani, N. Minato, A. Aureli, A. Zeno, P. Metastasio) mmepe nke opera na-arụ ọrụ nke Albinoni wee na ntụziaka si baroque opera na kpochapụwo opera seria na, N'otu aka ahụ, na mkpụrụedemede opera a na-egbu maramara, na-emetụta, kristal dị egwu, idoanya, nke bụ isi okwu nke opera seria.

N'ime egwu egwu egwu egwu egwu Albinoni, a na-ahụta ọnụnọ nke onyonyo opera nke ọma. N'ịbụ ndị zụlitere n'ụda ụda ha na-agbanwe agbanwe, isi allegri nke mmegharị mbụ kwekọrọ na ndị dike na-emepe ihe omume. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, aha orchestral motif nke oghere tutti, nke e ji mara Albinoni, mechara malite ịmaliteghachi site n'ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú Ịtali. The isi finales nke concertos, na okwu nke ọdịdị na ụdị ihe onwunwe, na-ekwughachi obi ụtọ denouement nke opera edinam (op. 7 E 3). Akụkụ ndị dị nta nke ihe nkiri ahụ, ndị mara mma na ịma mma ha na-atọ ụtọ, dabara na lamento opera aria ma guzoro n'otu n'otu na ọmarịcha egwu egwu egwu operas nke A. Scarlatti na Handel dere. Dị ka a maara, njikọ dị n'etiti concerto ngwá ọrụ na opera na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke egwu na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX - mmalite nke narị afọ nke XNUMX bụ ihe na-akpachi anya na nke bara uru. Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke concerto - ntụgharị nke tutti na solo - kpaliri site na owuwu nke opera aria (akụkụ ụda bụ ngwá ọrụ ritornello). Na n'ọdịnihu, nkwalite mmekọrịta nke opera na ihe egwu egwu nwere mmetụta dị mma na mmepe nke ụdị abụọ ahụ, na-esiwanye ike ka e guzobere usoro sonata-symphony.

Ihe nkiri egwu egwu nke Albinoni concertos zuru oke nke ukwuu: akụkụ atọ (Allegro – Andante – Allegro) nwere ọnụ ọnụ egwu dị n'etiti. N'ime akụkụ anọ nke sonatas ya (Grave - Allegro - Andante - Allegro), akụkụ nke atọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe egwu egwu. The mkpa, plastic, melodic ákwà nke Albinoni si instrumental concertos na nke ọ bụla n'ime olu ya na-adọrọ mmasị ndị na-ege ntị nke oge a maka nke ahụ zuru okè, siri ike, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ikwubiga okwu ókè ịma mma, nke bụ mgbe niile ihe ịrịba ama nke elu nka.

Y. Evdokimov