Christoph Eschenbach |

Christopher Eschenbach

Onye isi nka na onye isi nchịkwa nke Washington National Symphony Orchestra na Kennedy Center for Performing Arts, Christoph Eschenbach bụ onye na-arụkọ ọrụ na-adịgide adịgide na ụlọ egwu ama ama ama n'ụwa. Nwa akwụkwọ George Sell na Herbert von Karajan, Eschenbach duru ndị otu egwuregwu dị ka Orchester de Paris (2000-2010), Philadelphia Symphony Orchestra (2003-2008), North German Radio Symphony Orchestra (1994-2004), Houston Symphony. Orchestra (1988) -1999, Tonhalle Orchestra; bụ onye nduzi nka nke mmemme egwu na Ravinia na Schleswig-Holstein.

Oge 2016/17 bụ oge nke asaa na nke ikpeazụ maestro na NSO na Kennedy Center. N'oge a, ndị egwú n'okpuru nduzi ya mere njem atọ bụ isi, bụ nke nwere nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma: na 2012 - na South na North America; na 2013 - na Europe na Oman; na 2016 - ọzọ na Europe. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Christoph Eschenbach na ndị òtù egwú na-eme ihe mgbe nile na Ụlọ Nzukọ Carnegie. Ihe omume nke oge a gụnyere mmalite nke U.Marsalis Violin Concerto na US East Coast, ọrụ NSO nyere ya, yana egwu ikpeazụ nke mmemme Exploring Mahler.

Ihe omume Christoph Eschenbach ugbu a gụnyere mmepụta ọhụrụ nke B. Britten's opera The Turn of the Screw at Milan's La Scala, ihe ngosi dị ka onye nduzi ọbịa na Orchester de Paris, National Orchestra nke Spain, Seoul na London Philharmonic Orchestras, Philharmonic Orchestra. nke Radio Netherlands, National Orchestra nke France, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra nke Stockholm.

Kristof Eschenbach nwere nnukwu ihe ngosi dị ka onye pianist na onye nduzi, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ aha ama ama. N'ime ihe ndekọ na NSO bụ album "Cheta John F. Kennedy" nke Ondine dere. N'otu akara ahụ, e ji ndị òtù egwú Philadelphia na Orchester de Paris mee ihe ndekọ; na nke ikpeazụ e wepụtara album na Deutsche Grammophon; Onye nduzi ejirila London Philharmonic dekọọ na EMI/LPO Live, ya na London Symphony na DG/BM, Vienna Philharmonic na Decca, North German Radio Symphony na Houston Symphony na Koch.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ maestro na mpaghara nke ndekọ ụda anatala ọtụtụ ihe nrite dị egwu, gụnyere Grammy na 2014; nhọpụta “Disc of the Month” dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ BBC si kwuo, “Nhọrọ Editor” dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Gramophon si kwuo, yana ihe nrite sitere n'aka otu ndị nkatọ egwu egwu German. Diski nke ihe nke Kaia Saariaho na Orchestra de Paris na soprano Karita Mattila na 2009 nwetara ihe nrite nke ndị juri ọkachamara nke ihe ngosi egwu kacha ukwuu na Europe MIDEM (Marché International du Disque et de l'Edition Musicale). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, Christoph Eschenbach dekọtara usoro egwu egwu H. Mahler na Orchestra de Paris, bụ nke dị na webụsaịtị onye na-egwu egwu n'efu.

Ihe nrite nke Christoph Eschenbach bụ akara onyinye na utu aha n'ọtụtụ mba ụwa. Maestro – Chevalier nke Order of the Legion of Honor, Ọchịagha nke Order of Arts na Fine Letter nke France, Grand Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit maka Federal Republic of Germany na National Order nke Federal Republic of Germany; onye mmeri nke L. Bernstein Prize nyere site na Pacific Music Festival, onye onye nduzi nka K. Eschenbach nọ na 90s. N'afọ 2015, e nyere ya ihe nrite Ernst von Siemens, nke a na-akpọ "Nobel Prize" n'ọhịa egwu.

Maestro na-etinye oge dị ukwuu n'ịkụzi ihe; na-enye klas nna ukwu mgbe nile na Manhattan School of Music, Kronberg Academy na na Schleswig-Holstein Festival, na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ntorobịa na-eto eto nke ememme ahụ. N'ime mmeghari ya na NSO na Washington, Eschenbach na-enye ohere ka ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe ha soro na mmega ahụ n'otu aka ha na ndị na-egwu egwu egwu.

N'ime afọ ndị mbụ mgbe agha biri na West Germany, e nwere ihe na-adịghị mma na nkà pianist. N'ihi na ọtụtụ ihe (ihe nketa nke gara aga, adịghị ike nke music mmụta, na dị nnọọ a ndaba), German pianists fọrọ nke nta mgbe were elu ebe na mba asọmpi, abanyeghị na nnukwu concert ogbo. Ọ bụ ya mere site na mgbe a bịara mara banyere ọdịdị nke nwa nwoke nwere nkà na-egbuke egbuke, anya ndị hụrụ egwu na-agba ọsọ na-atụ anya ya. Ma, dị ka ọ tụgharịrị, ọ bụghị n'efu.

Onye nduzi Eugen Jochum chọpụtara ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 10, mgbe nwa nwoke ahụ na-amụ ihe ruo afọ ise n'okpuru nduzi nke nne ya, onye pianist na onye na-agụ egwú Vallidor Eschenbach. Jochum zigara ya onye nkuzi Hamburg Elise Hansen. Eschenbach na-aga n'ihu na-agbago ngwa ngwa, ma, n'ụzọ dị mma, nke a egbochighị uto okike ya n'usoro ma ghara ime ka ọ bụrụ nwa mara mma. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 11, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ na asọmpi maka ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto nke ụlọ ọrụ Stenway na Hamburg haziri; mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, ọ rụrụ n'elu mmemme na Munich International Competition na e nyere ihe nrite pụrụ iche; na 19 ọ natara ihe nrite ọzọ - na asọmpi maka ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na Germany. N'oge a nile, Eschenbach nọgidere na-amụ ihe - nke mbụ na Hamburg, mgbe ahụ na Cologne Higher School of Music na X. Schmidt, ọzọkwa na Hamburg na E. Hansen, ma ọ bụghị na nzuzo, ma na Higher School of Music (1959-1964). ).

Mmalite nke ọrụ ọkachamara ya wetara Eschenbach onyinye abụọ dị elu nke na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ntachi obi nke ndị obodo ya - ihe nrite nke abụọ na asọmpi International Munich (1962) na Clara Haskil Prize - naanị onyinye maka onye mmeri nke asọmpi aha ya bụ aha ya. Lucerne (1965).

Nke a bụ isi obodo mmalite nke onye na-ese ihe - na-adọrọ mmasị. Ndị na-ege ntị na-asọpụrụ egwu egwu ya, ntinye aka na nka, ọrụ zuru oke nke egwuregwu ahụ. Diski abụọ mbụ nke Eschenbach - ihe ndị Mozart mere na Schubert's "Trout Quintet" (ya na "Kekkert Quartet") bụ ndị nkatọ nabatara nke ọma. “Ndị na-ege ntị n’ihe omume Mozart ọ rụrụ,” ka anyị na-agụ na magazin bụ́ “Egwu,” na-apụghị izere ezere na-enwe mmetụta na mmadụ pụtara n’ebe a, ikekwe a kpọrọ ya site n’ebe dị elu nke oge anyị iji chọpụtaghachi ọrụ piano nke nnukwu nna ukwu ahụ. Anyị amabeghị ebe ụzọ ọ họọrọ ga-eduga ya - na Bach, Beethoven ma ọ bụ Brahms, na Schumann, Ravel ma ọ bụ Bartok. Ma nke bụ eziokwu na ọ na-egosi na ọ bụghị naanị ihe pụrụ iche ime mmụọ nnabata (ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ nke a, ikekwe, ga-enye ya mgbe e mesịrị ohere jikọọ pola megidere), kamakwa ike ime mmụọ.

The talent nke na-eto eto pianist ngwa ngwa matured na e hiwere nnọọ n'oge: onye nwere ike na-arụ ụka, na-ezo aka na echiche nke ikike ndị ọkachamara, na ugbua afọ iri na ọkara gara aga, ọdịdị ya adịchaghị iche taa. Nke ahụ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche. Nke nta nke nta, akwụkwọ ndị piano niile nke “Muzika” dere banyere ya na-adọrọ mmasị ndị piano. Sonatas nke Beethoven, Schubert, Liszt na-anụwanye na egwu egwu ya. Ihe ndekọ nke egwuregwu Bartók, ọrụ piano nke Schumann, Schumann's na Brahms' quintets, Beethoven's concertos na sonatas, Haydn sonatas, na n'ikpeazụ, nchịkọta Mozart's sonatas zuru ezu na ndekọ asaa, yana ọtụtụ n'ime piano duets nke Mozart na Schu dere. site ya na pianist, na-atọhapụ otu mgbe ọzọ. Justus Franz. N'ihe ngosi egwu na ndekọ ndekọ, onye na-ese ihe na-egosipụta mgbe niile ma egwu egwu ya na ike ya na-eto eto. N'ịtụle nkọwa ya nke Beethoven's kasị siri ike Hammerklavier sonata (Op. 106), ndị na-enyocha karịsịa rịba ama jụrụ ihe niile dị n'èzí, nke a nabatara omenala na tempo, ritardando na usoro ndị ọzọ, "nke na-adịghị na ndetu na ndị pianists n'onwe ha na-ejikarị eme ihe iji hụ na ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla na-eme n'oge. ihe ịga nke ọma ha n'ebe ọha na eze nọ." Onye nkatọ X. Krelman na-ekwusi ike, na-ekwu maka nkọwa ya banyere Mozart, na "Eschenbach na-egwuri egwu na-adabere na ntọala ime mmụọ siri ike nke o kere maka onwe ya na nke ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka ọrụ siri ike na nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ya."

Tinyere oge ochie, onye na-ese ihe na-adọrọkwa mmasị site na egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, ndị na-ede egwú nke oge a na-adọrọ mmasị site na nkà ya. Ụfọdụ n’ime ha bụ ndị omenkà a ma ama n’Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Jamanị G. Bialas na H.-W. Henze, ihe egwu piano raara onwe ya nye Eschenbach, onye mbụ na-eme ihe ọ ghọrọ.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ egwu Eschenbach, bụ onye na-akpachi anya onwe ya, adịghị agwụ ike dị ka nke ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ibe ya, ọ na-emebu n'ọtụtụ mba Europe na America, gụnyere USA. Na 1968, onye na-ese ihe sonyere na nke mbụ na ememme Prague Spring. Onye nkatọ Soviet V. Timokhin, bụ́ onye gere ya ntị, na-akọwa nkọwa ndị a banyere Eschenbach: “N'ezie, ọ bụ onye na-agụ egwú nwere nkà, nke nwere ikike imepụta ihe bara ụba, nke nwere ike ịmepụta ụwa egwu nke ya na ibi ndụ siri ike na nke siri ike. ndu n'okirikiri ihe oyiyi ya. Ka o sina dị, ọ dị m ka Eschenbach bụ onye na-akụ pian nke ụlọ. Ọ na-ahapụ mmetụta kasịnụ n'ọrụ ndị e ji ịtụgharị uche n'agụ egwú na ịma mma uri akpali. Ma ikike dị ịrịba ama nke onye pianist nwere ike ịmepụta ụwa egwu nke ya na-eme ka anyị, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ime ihe niile, kwenye na ya, mgbe ahụ na mmasị na-enweghị atụ, soro otú o si aghọta echiche mbụ ya, otú o si emepụta echiche ya. Nke a, n'echiche m, bụ ihe kpatara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma Eschenbach na-enwe na ndị na-ege ya ntị.

Dị ka anyị pụrụ ịhụ, na n'elu okwu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dịghị ihe na-ekwu banyere Eschenbach si Usoro, ma ọ bụrụ na ha kwuru onye usoro, ọ bụ nanị na njikọ na otú ha na-eme ka embodiment nke ya echiche. Nke a apụtaghị na usoro bụ akụkụ na-adịghị ike nke onye na-ese ihe, kama ọ kwesịrị ka a ghọta ya dị ka otuto kachasị elu maka nkà ya. Otú ọ dị, nkà ahụ ka na-adịchaghị mma. Isi ihe na ọ ka na-enweghị bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke echiche, ike nke ahụmahụ, ya mere e ji mara ndị kasị ukwuu German pianists n'oge gara aga. Ma ọ bụrụ na mbụ ọtụtụ ndị buru amụma Eschenbach dị ka onye nọchiri Backhaus na Kempf, ugbu a, ndị dị otú ahụ amụma nwere ike nụrụ nnọọ obere ugboro ugboro. Ma cheta na ha abụọ nwekwara ahụmahụ oge nke stagnation, e doro kama nkọ nkatọ na ghọrọ ezigbo maestro naanị na a nnọọ nkwanye ùgwù afọ.

Otú ọ dị, e nwere otu ọnọdụ nke nwere ike igbochi Eschenbach ịrịgo n'ọkwa ọhụrụ na pianism ya. Ọnọdụ a bụ agụụ maka iduzi, nke ya, dị ka ya si kwuo, rọrọ nrọ kemgbe ọ bụ nwata. Ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nduzi mgbe ọ ka na-agụ akwụkwọ na Hamburg: ọ duruziri ụmụ akwụkwọ mmepụta nke opera Hindemith anyị na-ewu obodo. Mgbe afọ 10 gasịrị, onye na-ese ihe na nke mbụ guzoro n'azụ console nke otu ndị egwu egwu ma duzie arụmọrụ nke Symphony nke atọ nke Bruckner. Kemgbe ahụ, òkè nke ime ihe ngosi n'ime oge ọrụ ya ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye ma rute ihe dịka pasent 80 site na mmalite nke 80s. Ugbu a Eschenbach adịghị adịkarị na-akpọ piano, mana ọ nọgidere na-ama ya maka nkọwa ya nke egwu Mozart na Schubert, yana mmemme duet na Zimon Barto.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990