Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev (Alexander Alyabyev) |

Alexander Alyabyev

… Ihe niile nwa afọ dị nso na obi. Obi na-adị ndụ Ọfọn, bụrụ abụ, nke ọma, malite: My nightingale, my nightingale! V. Domontovich

Talent a chọsiri ike n'ihe gbasara mmụọ mmụọ na nnabata na mkpa nke ọtụtụ obi mmadụ ndị na-ada ụda olu Alyabyev… mkpa nke obi ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ… B. Asafiev

Enwere ndị na-ede egwú na-enweta aha na anwụghị anwụ n'ihi otu ọrụ. Dị otú ahụ bụ A. Alyabyev - onye edemede nke ama ama romance "The Nightingale" na amaokwu nke A. Delvig. A na-abụ abụ ịhụnanya a n'ụwa niile, a na-arara ya uri na akụkọ, ọ dị na mmegharị egwu nke M. Glinka, A. Dubuc, F. Liszt, A. Vietana, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ederede na-enweghị aha na-akparaghị ókè. Otú ọ dị, na mgbakwunye na Nightingale, Alyabyev hapụrụ nnukwu ihe nketa: 6 operas, ballet, vaudeville, music for performances, a symphony, overtures, itching for bras band, ọtụtụ choral, ụlọ ọrụ ngwá ọrụ, ihe karịrị 180 romances, ndokwa nke egwu ndị mmadụ . A na-eme ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a n'oge ndụ onye na-ede egwú, ọ bụ ezie na e bipụtara ole na ole - romances, ọtụtụ piano, melodrama "Onye Mkpọrọ nke Caucasus" nke A. Pushkin dere.

Akara aka nke Alyabyev dị ịrịba ama. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, a na-ebipụ ya na ndụ egwu nke isi obodo, dịrị ndụ ma nwụọ n'okpuru yoke nke ili, ebubo na-ezighị ezi nke igbu ọchụ, nke mebiri ndụ ya na ọnụ ụzọ nke ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke iri anọ, na-ekewa akụkọ ndụ ya n'ime oge abụọ dị iche iche. . Nke mbụ gara nke ọma. A na-eji afọ nwata na Tobolsk, onye gọvanọ bụ nna Alyabyev, onye nwere nghọta, onye na-emesapụ aka, onye na-ahụ egwu egwu. Na 1796, ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara St. Petersburg, bụ ebe Alexander dị afọ 14 debanyere aha na ọrụ nke ngalaba Ngwuputa. N'otu oge ahụ, ọmụmụ ihe egwu dị egwu malitere na I. Miller, "onye na-egwu egwuregwu a ma ama" (M. Glinka), bụ onye ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwu Russia na ndị mba ọzọ mụtara ihe mejupụtara. Ebe ọ bụ na 1804, Alyabyev bi na Moscow, na ebe a na 1810. E bipụtara ihe odide mbụ ya - romances, piano iberibe, First String Quartet dere (nke e bipụtara na 1952). Ihe ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ mbụ nke egwu egwu na ụda olu nke Russia. N'ime mkpụrụ obi ịhụnanya nke onye na-ede egwú na-eto eto, uri mmetụta uche nke V. Zhukovsky chọtara nzaghachi pụrụ iche mgbe ahụ, mgbe ahụ, na-enye ohere maka abụ uri nke Pushkin, Delvig, ndị Decembrist poets, na na njedebe nke ndụ ya - N. Ogarev.

Agha Patriotic nke 1812 weghaara mmasị egwu na ndabere. Alyabyev wepụtara onwe ya maka ndị agha, na-alụ ọgụ n'akụkụ kpara Denis Davydov, merụrụ ahụ, nyere iwu abụọ na nrite. Atụmanya nke ọrụ agha na-egbuke egbuke meghere n'ihu ya, ma, n'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị mmasị na ya, Alyabyev lara ezumike nká na 1823. N'ịbụ onye bi na Moscow na St. Petersburg, ọ bịara nso na ụwa nkà nke isi obodo abụọ ahụ. N'ụlọ onye na-ede egwuregwu A. Shakhovsky, o zutere N. Vsevolozhsky, onye nhazi nke Green Lamp Literary Society; ya na I. Gnedich, I. Krylov, A. Bestuzhev. Na Moscow, na mgbede na A. Griboyedov, ọ na-egwuri egwu na A. Verstovsky, ụmụnna Vielgorsky, V. Odoevsky. Alyabyev sonye na ihe nkiri dị ka onye pianist na onye na-agụ egwú (onye tenor mara mma), dere ọtụtụ ihe ma nwetakwuo ikike n'etiti ndị na-egwu egwu na ndị hụrụ egwu egwu. N'ime afọ 20. Vaudevilles nke M. Zagoskin, P. Arapov, A. Pisarev ji egwu Alyabyev pụtara na steepụ nke ụlọ ihe nkiri Moscow na St. Petersburg, na 1823 na St. Petersburg na Moscow, opera mbụ ya, Moonlit Night, ma ọ bụ Brownies, bụ jiri nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma (libre. P. Mukhanov na P. Arapova). … operas Alyabyev adịghị njọ karịa ihe nkiri egwu egwu French, – Odoevsky dere n'otu akụkọ ya.

Na February 24, 1825, ọdachi dakwasịrị: n'oge egwuregwu kaadị n'ụlọ Alyabyev, e nwere nnukwu esemokwu, otu n'ime ndị sonyere ya nwụrụ n'oge na-adịghị anya. N’ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, a tara Alyabyev ụta maka ọnwụ a, mgbe e kpesịrị ikpe afọ atọ, a chụgara Saịberịa. Njegharị ogologo oge malitere: Tobolsk, Caucasus, Orenburg, Kolomna…

…Ewepụrụ uche gị, a kpọchiri ọnụ ụlọ ahụ nke ọma Oh, ndo, abalị abalị anyị, nnukwu abalị abalị… Delvig dere.

“… adịla ndụ otú ị chọrọ, kama dị ka Chineke nyere n'iwu; Ọ dịghị onye nwetara ahụmahụ dị ka mụ onwe m, bụ onye mmehie… "Naanị nwanne nwanyị Ekaterina, onye ji aka ya soro nwanne ya nwoke gaa n'ala ọzọ, na egwu kachasị amasị ya bụ nke a zọpụtara na obi nkoropụ. Na mba ọzọ, Alyabyev haziri otu ukwe na-eme na concerts. N'ịbụ onye na-aga n'otu ebe gaa n'ebe ọzọ, ọ na-ede abụ nke ndị Russia - Caucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar, jiri ụda ha na ụda ha mee ihe na ịhụnanya ya. Ọnụ na Ukraine ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na folklorist M. Maksimovich Alyabiev chịkọtara a collection of "Voices of Ukraine Songs" (1834) na mgbe niile dere. O dere egwu ọbụna n'ụlọ mkpọrọ: mgbe a na-enyocha ya, o kere otu n'ime quartets ya kacha mma - nke atọ, na ọdịiche dị na isiokwu Nightingale na obere akụkụ, yana Magic Drum ballet, nke na-ahapụghị ọkwa nke ihe nkiri Russia. ruo ọtụtụ afọ.

N'ime ọtụtụ afọ, njirimara autobiographical pụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na ọrụ Alyabyev. Ebumnobi nke nhụjuanya na ọmịiko, owu ọmụma, agụụ ụlọ, ọchịchọ nke nnwere onwe - ndị a bụ ihe e ji mara okirikiri nke ihe oyiyi nke oge nke ije biri n'ala ọzọ (ịhụnanya "Irtysh" na St. I. Vetter - 1828, "Mgbịrịgba mgbede", na st. I. Kozlov (nke sitere na T. Mura) - 1828, "Winter Road" na ọdụ Pushkin - 1831). Mgbagwoju anya nke uche siri ike kpatara site na nzuko mberede na onye na-ahụbu E. Ofrosimova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova). Onyonyo ya kpaliri onye dere ya imepụta otu n'ime egwu egwu egwu kachasị mma "Ahụrụ m gị n'anya" na St. Pushkin. Na 1840, mgbe ọ ghọrọ di ya nwụrụ, Ofrosimova ghọrọ nwunye Alyabyev. N'ime afọ 40. Alyabyev bịara nso N. Ogarev. Na romances e kere na ya poems - "The Tavern", "The Hut", "The Village Watchman" - isiokwu nke ahaghị nhata nke ọha na eze mbụ dara ụda, na-atụ anya ọchụchọ nke A. Dargomyzhsky na M. Mussorgsky. Ọnọdụ nnupụisi bụkwa ihe e ji mara nkata nke opera atọ ikpeazụ nke Alyabyev: “The Tempest” nke W. Shakespeare, “Ammalat-bek” nke A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, “Edwin na Oscar” nke akụkọ mgbe ochie Celt dere. Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na, dị ka I. Aksakov si kwuo, "oge okpomọkụ, ọrịa na ihe ndabara mere ka ọ dajụọ," mmụọ nnupụisi nke oge Decembrist akwụsịghị n'ọrụ onye na-ede egwú ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị ya.

O. Averyanova