Timbre |

Timbre French, timbre bekee, German Klangfarbe

Agba agba; otu n'ime ihe ịrịba ama nke ụda egwu (tinyere ụda olu, ụda na ogologo oge), nke a na-eji ụda nke otu ịdị elu na ụda dị iche iche, ma a na-eme ya na ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche, n'olu dị iche iche ma ọ bụ n'otu ngwá ọrụ, ma n'ụzọ dị iche iche; ọrịa strok. A na-ekpebi timbre site na ihe eji eme ụda ụda - onye na-ama jijiji nke ihe egwu egwu, na ọdịdị ya (ụdọ, mkpanaka, ihe ndekọ, wdg), yana resonator (piano decks, violin, mgbịrịgba opi; wdg); A na-emetụta timbre site na acoustics nke ụlọ ahụ - njirimara ugboro ugboro nke ịmịkọrọ, na-egosipụta elu, ntugharị, wdg T. na-eji ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụda olu dị na nhazi nke ụda, ogo ha dị elu, ụda olu, ụda ụda olu, oge mmalite nke ụda ụda - ọgụ (kọ nkọ, dị nro, dị nro), ndị na-emepụta ihe - akụkụ nke ụda akụkụ nke emelitere n'ụdị ụda ụda, vibrato, na ihe ndị ọzọ. T. na-adaberekwa na mkpokọta ụda olu, na ndekọ - elu ma ọ bụ dị ala, na ịkụ n'etiti ụda. Onye na-ege ntị mara T. Ch. arr. site n'enyemaka nke ihe nnọchianya ndị na-akpakọrịta - na-atụnyere àgwà ụda a na-ahụ anya, tactile, gustatory, wdg. mmetụta nke decomp. ihe, phenomena na njikọ ha (ụda na-egbuke egbuke, na-egbuke egbuke, dull, dull, na-ekpo ọkụ, oyi, miri, zuru, nkọ, nro, juputara, kemmiri ihe, dara, glassy, ​​wdg); A na-eji obere nkọwapụta (olu, ntị chiri) eme ihe ugboro ugboro. T. na-emetụta oke ụda olu. ụda definition (obere ndekọ ụda na obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke overtones n'ihe metụtara pitch na-apụtakarị edoghị anya), ike nke ụda na-agbasa n'ime ụlọ (mmetụta nke formatants), intelligibility nke ụdaume na consonants na olu arụmọrụ.

Ụdị ihe akaebe dabere na T. mus. ụda anaghị arụ ọrụ ma. Ekwuputala na ịnụ ihe timbre nwere ọdịdị mpaghara, ya bụ, n'echiche nke ụda site n'otu ụda ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ. Ụda nke violin kwekọrọ na otu ụda dum nke dị iche iche na nhazi (lee Mpaghara). T. bụ ụzọ egwu dị mkpa. nkwuputa okwu. Site n'enyemaka nke T., a pụrụ ịmata otu ma ọ bụ akụkụ ọzọ nke muses. nke dum - abụ olu ụtọ, bass, chord, inye akụrụngwa a njirimara, ihe pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ pụtara n'ozuzu ya, iji kewaa nkebi ahịrịokwu ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ibe ya - iji mee ka ihe dị iche iche sie ike ma ọ bụ mee ka ike gwụ, iji mesie myirịta ma ọ bụ ọdịiche dị na usoro nke mmepe nke ngwaahịa; ndị na-ede egwú na-eji ngwakọta nke ụda (timbre harmony), mgbanwe, mmegharị, na mmepe nke ụda (timbre dramaturgy). Achọgharị maka ụda ọhụrụ na njikọ ha (na ndị na-egwu egwu, ndị na-egwu egwu) na-aga n'ihu, a na-emepụta ngwá egwú eletriki, yana ụda ụda na-eme ka o kwe omume ịnweta ụda ọhụrụ. Sonoristics aghọwo ntụziaka pụrụ iche na iji ụda.

The onu nke eke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka otu n'ime physico-acoustic. ntọala T. nwere mmetụta siri ike na mmepe nke nkwekọ dịka ụzọ egwu. nkwuputa okwu; n'aka nke ya, na narị afọ nke 20. enwere ihe a na-ahụ anya site n'ịdị n'otu na-eme ka akụkụ timbre nke ụda dị elu dị elu (ụdị dị iche iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, triads isi, nhazi nke ederede, ụyọkọ, ịmegharị ụda mgbịrịgba, wdg). Ozizi nke egwu iji kọwaa ọtụtụ atụmatụ nke nzukọ nke muses. Asụsụ atụgharịala na T ugboro ugboro na T. n'otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, a na-ejikọta ịchọ muses. tunings (Pythagoras, D. Tsarlino, A. Werkmeister na ndị ọzọ), nkọwa nke modal-harmonic na modal-functional usoro nke music (JF Rameau, X. Riemann, F. Gevart, GL Catoire, P. Hindemith na ndị ọzọ .researchers). ).

References: Garbuzov HA, Natural overtones na ha harmonic pụtara, na: mkpokọta ọrụ nke Commission on musical acoustics. Ihe omume nke HYMN, vol. 1, Moscow, 1925; nke ya, Mpaghara ọdịdị nke timbre ịnụ ihe, M., 1956; Teplov BM, Psychology of musicalability, M.-L., 1947, n'akwụkwọ ya: Nsogbu nke onye iche iche. (Ọrụ ahọpụtara), M., 1961; Ngwa egwu egwu, gen. ed. Na Garbuzova deziri ya. Moscow, 1954. Agarkov OM, Vibrato dị ka ụzọ egwu egwu na-akpọ violin, M., 1956; Nazaikinsky E., Pars Yu., Nghọta nke timbres egwu na ihe ọ pụtara n'otu n'otu harmonics nke ụda, n'akwụkwọ: Ngwa nke acoustic ụzọ nyocha na musicology, M., 1964; Pargs Yu., Vibrato na nghọta pitch, n'ime akwụkwọ: Ngwa nke usoro nyocha nke ụda na musicology, M., 1964; Sherman NS, Ịmepụta otu ụkpụrụ omume, M., 1964; Mazel LA, Zuckerman VA, Nyocha nke ọrụ egwu, (akụkụ 1), Ihe egwu na ụzọ maka nyocha obere ụdị, M, 1967, Volodin A., Ọrụ nke ụdịdị dị iche iche na nghọta nke pitch na timbre nke ụda, n'akwụkwọ .: Nkà egwu egwu na sayensị, mbipụta 1, M., 1970; Rudakov E., Na ndekọ nke ụda olu na-atụgharị na ụda ekpuchiri, ibid .; Nazaikinsky EV, Na nkà mmụta uche nke nghọta egwu, M., 1972, Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 (Nsụgharị Russian - Helmholtz G., Ozizi nke mmetụta anụ ahụ dị ka ihe ndabere nke anụ ahụ. echiche nke egwu, St. Petersburg, 1875).

Yu. N. Rags