Usoro ụda nkeji nkeji |

Usoro ụda nkeji nkeji, egwu nkeji nkeji

German Vierteltonmusik, Bekee. egwu nkeji iri na ise, French musique en quarts de ton, ital. musica a quarti di tono

Ụdị microchromatics kachasị adịkarị, usoro ụda (n'etiti), ọnụ ọgụgụ ya nwere ụda ahaziri na ụda nkeji anọ. Octave ruo Ch. gụnyere usoro ụda 24 (dị ka MV Matyushin kọwara, "Sistemụ chromatism okpukpu abụọ"). Iji kpọmkwem. Ch. s etiti oge, na mgbakwunye na nke nkeji iri na ise ụda dị mfe, na-agụnye mmepụta (mkpokọta) obere etiti oge - 3/4 ụda, 5/4 ụda, 7/4 ụda, wdg Mgbe ị na-edepụta microtones nke Ch. A na-eji mkpụrụedemede pụrụ iche (lee tebụl).

Enwekwara igodo pụrụ iche:

("Igodo dị elu") - arụmọrụ nke otu akụkụ nke ibe 1/4 ụda dị elu,

("Igodo dị ala") - 1/4 ụda ala. Ụdị nkọwa nke chis ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ: melismatic (microtones dị ka ihe ịchọ mma dị ụtọ, ịbụ abụ nke ntọala isi), steepụ (microtones dị ka usoro nke nwere onwe ya na nha nhata nke usoro), sonoristic (microtones dị ka akụkụ nke timbre- sound complexes). obere nkeji nwere onwe; lee Sonorism).

Ihe Ch. mbụ mepụtara ka ọ bụrụ egwu. omume ma bụrụ ndị a ghọtara n'usoro iwu n'oge ochie dị ka microintervals enharmonic. genus (lee Enarmonics). A tụgharịrị ụda nkeji nkeji n'ọgụ egwu. melismatically. (Maka ihe atụ nke “enbrmona” Grik oge ochie, lee isiokwu Melodiya) Oge etiti Ch. a na-eji egwu ọdịnala nke ọtụtụ East. Ndị mmadụ (ndị Arab, ndị Turkey, ndị Iran).

Na Middle Ages, ihe ndị dị na Ch. mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-ahụ ya dị ka mgbanaka nke oge ochie. enarmonics. Mgbalị ịnyefe frets Greek (na genera) na ọgbara ọhụrụ. ụfọdụ ndị na-egwu egwu wetara omume ahụ na narị afọ nke 16-17. iji jiri ụda nkeji nkeji anọ (na nkọwa melismatic, lee tebụl, yana na nke a steepụ, lee ihe atụ na kọlụm 524). Iv nke narị afọ nke 20 ka e ji nwee mmasị ọhụrụ na Ch. na microchromatics n'ozuzu (n'ime ndị mbụ bụ nnwale nke AJ Gruss). N'afọ 1892, otu akwụkwọ GA Behrens-Zenegalden dere gbasara Ch. (nsụgharị ugbua na Kacha ọhụrụ uche, dị ka a 24-nzọụkwụ usoro), nke a kwekọrọ ekwekọ ngwá ọrụ ("achromatisches Klavier") na-atụ aro, na 1898 J. Fulds dere a nkeji iri na ise ụda eriri quartet. N'afọ 1900-1910. ka Ch. Ndị na-ede egwú R. Stein, W. Möllendorff, IA Vyshnegradsky, C. Ives, na ndị ọzọ tinyere akwụkwọ. Onye na-ede egwú Czech na onye ọkà mmụta sayensị A. Khaba. N'otu oge ahụ, nke mbụ na-arụ ọrụ gbasara Ch. na Russia (MV Matyushin, AS Lurie). N'ime afọ 20. Narị afọ nke 20 Ch. s. mụọ na creatively mara ikwiikwii. Composers na theorists (compositions nke GM Rimsky-Korsakov, AA Kenel, NA Malakhovskii; Theoretical ọrụ GM Rimsky-Korsakov, VM Belyaev, AM Avraamov na ndị ọzọ.). Ngwa dị iche iche Ch. natara mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ 2-1939 gasịrị: na usoro nke oge a. chromatic tonality (45 semitones na-etolite ụdị "diatonic" n'ihe metụtara nkeji nkeji iri na ise), na nke a na-akpọ. atonality efu, n'ihe metụtara seriality, karịsịa na nkọwa sonoristic nke Ch. P. Boulez, M. Kagel, S. Bussotti, A. Zimmerman, na ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú Soviet gwara ya okwu. Ihe atụ Ch. (ụda ụbọ akwara na-enwe mmetụta dị nro nke na-asụ ude):

EV Denisov. Trio maka violin, cello na pianoforte, ngagharị nke mbụ, ogwe 1-28.

References: Matyushin MV, Nduzi maka ọmụmụ nke ụda anọ maka violin, …, 1915; Lurie A., Na egwu nke chromatism dị elu, na Sat.: "Sagittarius", P., 1915; Belyaev VM, Quarter-tone music, "The Life of Art", 1925, Mba 18; Rimsky-Korsakov GM, izi ezi nke usoro egwu nkeji nkeji iri na ise, "De musica", Sat. 1, L., 1925; Kapelyush BN, Archives nke MV Matyushin na EG Guro, n'akwụkwọ: Yearbook of the Manuscript Department of the Pushkin House for 1974, L., 1976; Vicentino N., L antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica, Roma, 1555, facsimile. ed., Kassel, 1959; Behrens-Senegalden GA, Die Vierteltöne na der Musik, B., 1892; Wellek A., Viertelton na Fortschritt, “NZfM”, 1925, Jahrg. 92; Wyschnegradsky I., egwu Quartertonal…, “Pro Musica Quarterly”, 1927; nke ya, Manuel d harmonie a quarts de ton, P., (1932); Haba A., Flügel und Klavier der Vierteltonmusik, “Die Musik”, 1928, Jahrg. 21, H. 3; nke ya, Mein Weg zur Viertel- und Sechstelton-Musik, Düsseldorf, 1971; Schneider S., Mikrotöne na der Musik des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bonn, 1975; Gojowy D., Neue sowjetische Musik der 20-en Jahre, (Laaber), 1980; Ludvová J., Anton Joseph Gruss (1816-1893) a jeho ctvrttuny, “Hudebnin veda”, 1980, Mba 2.

Yu. N. Kholopov