Pablo Casals |
Pablo Casals
Spanish cellist, onye nduzi, onye na-ede egwú, egwu na ọha mmadụ. Nwa nke organist. Ọ gụrụ cello na X. Garcia na Barcelona Conservatory na T. Breton na X. Monasteri na Madrid Conservatory (ebe 1891). Ọ malitere inye ihe nkiri na 1890 na Barcelona, ebe ọ kụzirikwara na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa. Na 1899 ọ mere mpụta mbụ ya na Paris. Site na 1901 ọ gara njem n'ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa. Na 1905-13, ọ na-eme kwa afọ na Russia dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na SV Rakhmaninov, AI Ziloti, na AB Goldenweiser.
Ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú raara ọrụ ha nye Casals, gụnyere AK Glazunov - egwu-ballad, MP Gnesin - sonata-ballad, AA Kerin - abụ. Ruo mgbe ọ mere agadi, Casals akwụsịghị ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ egwú, onye nduzi, na onye na-egwu egwuregwu (ebe ọ bụ na 1905 ọ bụ onye òtù atọ a ma ama: A. Cortot - J. Thibaut - Casals).
Casals bụ otu n'ime ndị egwu kachasị ama na narị afọ nke 20. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke cello art, aha ya akara a ọhụrụ oge metụtara na-egbuke egbuke mmepe nke nka nka, obosara ngosi nke ọgaranya ikwupụta ohere nke cello, na ennoblement nke repertoire. Egwuru egwu ya bụ ihe dị omimi na ụbara nke ọma, echiche nke ọma mepere emepe, nke nka nka, yana nchikota mmetụta mmetụta uche na iche echiche. Ụda okike mara mma na usoro zuru oke na-arụ ọrụ maka njiri mara mma na eziokwu nke ọdịnaya egwu.
Casals ghọrọ onye a ma ama karịsịa maka nkọwa miri emi na nke zuru oke banyere ọrụ JS Bach, yana maka arụmọrụ nke egwu L. Beethoven, R. Schumann, J. Brahms na A. Dvorak. Nkà nke Casals na echiche nka nka na-aga n'ihu nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na omenala egwu na ịme ihe nke narị afọ nke 20.
Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọ na-etinye aka na nkuzi nkuzi: ọ kụziri na Barcelona Conservatory (n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya - G. Casado), na Ecole Normal na Paris, mgbe 1945 - na mastery courses na Switzerland, France, USA, wdg.
Casals bụ onye na-egwu egwu na ọha na eze: ọ haziri ìgwè egwu egwu egwu mbụ na Barcelona (1920), bụ nke ọ rụrụ dị ka onye nduzi (ruo mgbe 1936), Òtù Musical na-arụ ọrụ (duru ya na 1924-36), ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu, akwụkwọ akụkọ egwu na ihe nkiri Sunday maka ndị ọrụ, nke nyere aka na agụmakwụkwọ egwu nke Catalonia.
Atụmatụ agụmakwụkwọ ndị a kwụsịrị ịdị adị mgbe ọgbaghara ndị Fashist na Spen gasịrị (1936). Onye na-ahụ maka ọdịmma mba na onye na-emegide fascist, Casals nyeere ndị Republican aka ike n'oge agha ahụ. Mgbe ọdịda nke Spanish Republic (1939) ọ kwagara ma biri na ndịda France, na Prades. Site na 1956 o biri na San Juan (Puerto Rico), ebe o hiwere otu egwu egwu egwu (1959) na conservatory (1960).
Casals butere ụzọ ịhazi ememme na Prada (1950-66; n'etiti ndị ọkà okwu bụ DF Oistrakh na ndị egwu Soviet ndị ọzọ) na San Juan (ebe 1957). Ebe ọ bụ na 1957 asọmpi aha Casals (nke mbụ na Paris) na "na nsọpụrụ nke Casals" (na Budapest) emeela.
Casals gosipụtara onwe ya dị ka onye na-agbasi mbọ ike maka udo. Ọ bụ onye edemede nke oratorio El pesebre (1943, 1st performance 1960), bụ isi echiche nke gụnyere n'okwu ikpeazụ: "Udo dịrị ndị niile nwere ezi uche!" Na arịrịọ nke odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN U Thant, Casals dere "Hymn to Peace" (ọrụ akụkụ 3), nke e mere n'okpuru nduzi ya na ihe nkiri galala na UN na 1971. E nyere ya nrite Udo Udo UN. . O dekwara ọtụtụ ọrụ symphonic, choral na chamber-instrumental ọrụ, iberibe maka cello solo na cello ensemble. Ọ gara n'ihu na-egwu egwu, na-eduzi na nkuzi ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ ya.
References: Borisyak A., Essays na ụlọ akwụkwọ Pablo Casals, M., 1929; Ginzburg L., Pablo Casals, M., 1958, 1966; Corredor JM, Mkparịta ụka ya na Pablo Casals. Banye. akụkọ na nkwupụta nke LS Ginzburg, trans. Site na French, L., 1960.
LS Ginzburg
