Orchestra nke ngwa ndiife |

Orchestra nke ngwa ndị mmadụ – Mgbakọ nwere nat. ngwa egwu n'ụdị mbụ ha ma ọ bụ nke arụgharịrị. Ọ. na. ha na-adakọ ọnụ na nhazi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na otu domra, bandura, mandolin, wdg) na ngwakọta (dịka ọmụmaatụ, domra-balalaika orchestra). Nhazi ụkpụrụ O. n. na. dabere na njirimara egwu. omenala ndị a. N'ime ìgwè egwu nke ndị mmadụ na-amaghị polyphony, arụmọrụ bụ heterophonic: olu ọ bụla na-egwu otu egwu, ndị sonyere nwere ike ịdịgasị iche. Ngwakọta nke ụdị bourdon na-eme egwu na nsonye (n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ndabere): ndetu kwadoro, ọnụ ọgụgụ ostinato; mkpokọta dị otú ahụ nwekwara ike ịbụ naanị ụda. Orchestras nke ndị mmadụ, egwu nke dabere na harmonica. N'ụzọ bụ isi, ha na-eme abụ abụ na ihe egwuregwu. Obere mgbakọ na-adị n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị. ndị mmadụ kemgbe oge ochie, bụ ndị na-ebu nar. ntinye. omenala. Ha nwere nnukwu ebe na ndụ kwa ụbọchị (na-egwuri egwu na ezumike, agbamakwụkwọ, wdg). Na instr. ensembles nke mmalite nke mmepe nke ọha mmadụ, egwu na-aghọbeghị onwe ya. nka, jikọtara ya na okwu, ịbụ abụ, ịgba egwu, ime ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị India India na-agba egwu ịchụ nta na ụda ọkpọkọ osisi, ọkpọkọ na ịgbà na-egosi anụ ọhịa na ndị na-achụ nta (a maara omume dị otú ahụ n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ). N'egwu nke ndị Africa (Guinea) na-eme, ndị India, Vietnam na ndị ọzọ, a na-amata ụda egwu na ndabere (na-abụkarị ụda) mgbe ụfọdụ. Ụdị polyphony a kapịrị ọnụ bụ njirimara nke mkpokọta ọjà Pan (Solomon Islands), Indonesia. gamelan.

Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ etolitela omenala. ihe mejupụtara instr. ensembles: na Russia - music. ensembles nke ndị na-egwu mpi, kuvikla (kuvichki) ndị na-eme ihe nkiri; na Ukraine - atọ n'ime egwu (violin, bass (bass), ịjà ma ọ bụ ịgbà, mgbe ụfọdụ violin na bass; ensembles nke atọ n'ime otu egwú bụ ndị ewu ewu ruo n'etiti narị afọ nke 19), na Belarus - ensembles nke violin, ájà, ịgbà ma ọ bụ tambourine violin, ájà, ọmịiko ma ọ bụ dudy; na Moldova - taraf (clarinet, violin, ájà, ịgbà); na Uzbekistan na Tajikistan - mashoklya (surnay, kornay, nagora); na Transcaucasia na North. Caucasus 3 na-adịgide adịgide. ensembles - dudukchi (duduk duet), zurnachi (zurn duet, nke a na-etinyekarị òkè na ya), sazandari (tar, keman-cha, daf, yana ihe ndị ọzọ); na Lithuania - ensembles nke skuduchiai na ragas, na Latvia - stabule na suomi dudy, na Estonia - ime ụlọ ụka (dịka ọmụmaatụ, cannele, violin, harmonica).

Na Russia, a maara ngwá ọrụ ndị mmadụ kemgbe narị afọ nke 12. (na-egwuri egwu na oriri, ezumike, n'oge ememe olili ozu; na-esonyere egwu, ịgba egwú). Ngwakọta ha bụ ngwakọta (sniffles, ịgbà, ụbọ akwara, mpi, ụbọ akwara) ma ọ bụ otu (òtù ukwe gooselytsiks, ụbọ akwara, wdg). Na 1870, NV Kondratiev haziri otu ukwe nke Vladimir mpi Player; N'afọ 1886, NI Beloborodov haziri ìgwè ndị egwú chromatic. Harmonica, na 1887 VV Andreev - "The Circle of Balalaika Lovers" (nchịkọta nke ndị egwú 8), na 1896 ghọrọ Great Russian Orchestra. Ndị otu a rụrụ na obodo Russia na ná mba ọzọ. N'ịgbaso ihe atụ nke egwu egwu Andreev, onye na-amu amu O.n. na. Na 1902, G. Khotkevich, na-agbakwunye ndị na-egwu bandura na lyre na nchịkọta, kere onye mbụ Ukraine. Ọ. na. Na Lithuania na 1906 otu ethnographic ensemble nke oge ochie cancles. Na ibu. akụkọ ifo, ebe woks na-ekere òkè na-eduga. ụdị, instr. ensembles premier. na-esonyere ịgba egwu na egwu egwu. Na 1888 a haziri ibu mbụ. nka. ìgwè egwu. Na Armenia, ndị mmadụ ensemble Ngwa dị adị kemgbe BC. e. Na con. Narị afọ nke 19 nchịkọta ashug Jivani nwetara ama ama.

Na ikwiikwii oge ọnọdụ maka mbara mmepe nke O. nke n na-kere. na. N'ime otu na mba kwụụrụ onwe ya, a rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ iji melite na wughachi ụlọ akụ. ngwá ọrụ egwu ndị nyere aka mee ka ha dịkwuo mma. na teknụzụ. ohere (lee Nrụgharị nke ngwa egwu). Otu n'ime ndị egwu egwu mbụ mejupụtara bunks emelitere. ngwa, bụ ihe a na-akpọ. Eastern Symphony. Orchestra nke VG Buni haziri na 1925-26 na Armenia.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1940s na omenala Mgbakọ na-esiwanye ewebata iji mejuo. ngwá ọrụ. Ya mere, na nchịkọta nke Russian. kuvikl na-agụnyekarị snot, zhaleyka na violin, Caucasian duet nke zurn na dudukov na-esonyere ya na "harmonica" dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, wdg Harmonica, na karịsịa ụdị ya dị ka bọtịnụ accordion, accordion, na-agụnye ọtụtụ. nka. ensembles. Ihe mejupụtara nke Russian He. na., na mgbakwunye na bọtịnụ accordion, ha na-agụnye mgbe ụfọdụ zhaleyki, mpi, spoons, na mgbe ụfọdụ ọjà, oboe, clarinet, na mmụọ ndị ọzọ. ngwá ọrụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na egwu egwu nke Song na Dance Ensemble nke Soviet Army nke aha ya bụ AV Aleksandrov). Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke prof. Ọ. na., e kere instr. otu na egwu na agba egwu ensemble, ukwe. na agba egwu. mkpokọta, na kọmitii mgbasa ozi redio. Tinyere prof. Ọ. na., nke ndị jikọrọ aka na nnọchi anya na-elekọta. Philharmonic ma na-eduga conc sara mbara. ọrụ, na USSR, ndị na-amu amu ghọrọ ebe nile. orchestras na ensembles (n'ụlọ nke omenala, klọb). Ọ. na. na-ebili na mba ndị na mbụ enweghị polyphony na ensemble (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan). N'ime ndị kacha njọ. Ọ. na :Rus. nar. Orchestra ha. NP Osipova (Moscow, kemgbe 1940), Rus. nar. Orchestra ha. VV Andreeva (lee Orchestra of Russian Folk Instruments), Kazakh. ngwa ndị egwu egwu nye ha. Kurmangazy (1934), Uzbek. ngwa egwu ndị mmadụ (1938), Nar. Orchestra nke BSSR (1938), egwu egwu ebu. nar. ngwá ọrụ (1949, kemgbe 1957 "Fluerash") na nchịkọta nke nar. egwu "Folklore" (1968) na Moldova, ìgwè egwú Rus. nar. gbaa ha egwu. MB Pyatnitsky, ndị egwu egwu na egwu egwu na egwu ikwiikwii. Ndị agha ha. AV Aleksandrova; ntinye. otu na Karelian song na agba egwu ensemble "Kantele" (1936), lit. Mgbakọ "Letuva" (1940), Ukr. nar. gbaa ha egwu. G. Veryovki (1943). Ngwa egwu egwu na ngwa egwu nwere nnukwu egwu, nke gụnyere instr. egwu, egwu na egwu nke ndị USSR na mba ọzọ. mba, yana ikwiikwii. ndị na-agụ egwú (gụnyere ndị e dere kpọmkwem maka O. n. na.), oge gboo. egwu.

Egwu klas na nar. ngwá ọrụ, ọzụzụ cadres prof. ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị nduzi, ndị nkuzi na ndị nduzi nka. ihe ngosi amateur, dị n'ọtụtụ uch dị elu. ụlọ ọrụ nke mba (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Leningrad, Kyiv, Riga, Baku, Tashkent na ndị ọzọ conservatories, Moscow Musical na Pedagogical Institute, na omenala institutes nke ọtụtụ obodo), nakwa dị ka music. uch-shah, egwu ụmụaka. ụlọ akwụkwọ, okirikiri pụrụ iche na Palaces of Culture na nnukwu ndị na-amu amu. mkpokọta.

Ọ. na. nkịtị na ndị ọzọ socialist. mba. Na mba ofesi enwere prof. na onye na-amu amu O. n. na., gụnyere kwa gita, mandolin, violin, wdg. ọgbara ọhụrụ. ngwá ọrụ egwu.

References: Andreev VV, The Great Russian Orchestra na mkpa ya maka ndị mmadụ, (P., 1917); Alekseev K., Amateur Orchestra of Folk Instruments, M., 1948; Gizatov B., Kazakh State. Orchestra of Folk Instruments Kurmangazy, A.-A., 1957; Zhinovich I., State. Ndị òtù egwú Belarusian, Minsk, 1958; Vyzgo T., Petrosyants A., Uzbek ìgwè ndị egwú nke ndị mmadụ, Tash., 1962; Sokolov F., VV Andreev na ndị egwú ya, L., 1962; Vertkov K., ngwa egwu ndị Russia, L., 1975.

GI Blagodatov