Manuel de Falla |

Akwụkwọ ntuziaka Falla

M na-agba mbọ maka nka siri ike dịka ọ dị mfe, na-enweghị ihe efu na ịchọ ọdịmma onwe onye naanị. Ebumnuche nke nka bụ imepụta mmetụta n'akụkụ ya niile, ọ nweghịkwa ike ma ọ nweghị ebumnuche ọzọ. M. de Falla

M. de Falla bụ onye edemede Spanish pụtara ìhè na narị afọ nke XNUMX. - n'ọrụ ya, ọ mepụtara ụkpụrụ mma nke F. Pedrel - onye ndu echiche na onye nhazi nke mmegharị ahụ maka ịmaliteghachi omenala egwu egwu nke mba Spanish (Renacimiento). Na mmalite nke XIX-XX narị afọ. Mgbagharị a nabatara akụkụ dị iche iche nke ndụ obodo ahụ. Ndị na-ese ihe Renacimiento (ndị edemede, ndị na-egwu egwu, ndị na-ese ihe) chọrọ iweta omenala ndị Spen na ndagide, maliteghachi mmalite ya, na ịkwalite egwu mba ruo n'ọkwa ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-ede egwú Europe dị elu. Falla, dị ka ndị ya na ya dịkọrọ ndụ - ndị na-ede egwú I. Albeniz na E. Granados, chọrọ itinye ụkpụrụ aesthetics nke Renacimiento n'ọrụ ya.

Falla nwetara nkuzi egwu mbụ ya n'aka nne ya. Ekem enye ama ọbọ ukpep piano si X. Trago, emi enye ekekpepde n̄kpọ ke ukperedem ke Madrid Conservatory, ebiet emi enye ekekpepde n̄kpọ ke n̄kemuyo ye n̄ko. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, Falla amalitelarị idepụta ọrụ maka mkpokọta ụlọ, na 1897-1904. dere iberibe piano na 5 zarzuelas. Fallu nwere mmetụta dị mma n'afọ nke ọmụmụ Pedrel (1902-04), bụ onye duziri onye na-eto eto na-ede egwú n'ịmụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Spanish. N'ihi ya, ọrụ mbụ dị ịrịba ama pụtara - opera A Short Life (1905). Edere ya na nkata dị egwu sitere na ndụ ndị mmadụ, ọ nwere onyonyo na-ekwupụta eziokwu na nke mmụọ, eserese okirikiri mara mma. Enyere opera a nke mbụ na asọmpi nke Madrid Academy of Fine Arts na 1905. N'otu afọ ahụ, Falla nwetara ihe nrite mbụ na asọmpi piano na Madrid. Ọ na-enye egwu egwu nke ukwuu, na-enye nkuzi piano, na-edepụta ihe.

Ihe dị oke mkpa maka ịgbasa echiche nka Falla na imeziwanye nkà ya bụ ọnụnọ ya na Paris (1907-14) na nkwurịta okwu okike ya na ndị na-ede egwú French pụtara ìhè C. Debussy na M. Ravel. Na ndụmọdụ P. Duke na 1912, Falla rụgharịrị akara ngosi nke opera "A Short Life", bụ nke e meziri na Nice na Paris. N'afọ 1914, onye na-ede egwú ahụ laghachiri na Madrid, bụ ebe, n'uche ya, e kere otu ọha egwu iji kwalite egwu oge ochie na nke oge a nke ndị na-ede egwú Spanish. Ihe omume dị egwu nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ na-egosipụta na "Ekpere nke ndị nne na-ejide ụmụ ha n'aka" maka olu na piano (1914).

N'afọ 1910-20. Ụdị Falla na-ewezu oke. Ọ organically synthesizes rụzuru nke Western European music na mba Spanish musical omenala. Nke a pụtara n'ụzọ magburu onwe ya n'ime ụda olu "Abụ ndị mmadụ asaa nke Spanish" (1914), na otu-eme ballet pantomime na-abụ abụ "Ịhụnanya Onye Ime Anwansi" (1915), nke na-egosi foto nke ndụ ndị gypsies Spanish. N'ihe ngosi nke symphonic (dị ka onye edemede si kwuo) " Abali na ubi nke Spain" maka piano na orchestra (1909-15), Falla jikọtara njirimara njirimara nke echiche French na ndabere Spanish. N'ihi nkwado ya na S. Diaghilev, ballet "Cocked Hat" pụtara, bụ nke a maara nke ọma. Omenala ndị pụtara ìhè dị ka onye na-egwu egwu L. Massine, onye nduzi E. Ansermet, onye na-ese ihe P. Picasso so na nhazi na ịrụ ọrụ nke ballet. Falla nwetara ikike n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ Europe. N'arịrịọ nke onye pianist pụtara ìhè A. Rubinstein, Falla na-ede mpempe virtuoso na-egbukepụ egbukepụ "Betic Fantasy", dabere na isiokwu ndị Andalusian. Ọ na-eji usoro izizi na-abịa site na arụmọrụ guitar Spanish.

Kemgbe 1921, Falla bi na Granada, ebe, yana F. Garcia Lorca, na 1922 ọ haziri Cante Jondo Festival, bụ nke nwere nnukwu ụda ọha na eze. Na Granada, Falla dere ọrụ egwu na ihe nkiri mbụ Maestro Pedro's Pavilion (dabere na nkata nke otu n'ime isiakwụkwọ nke Don Quixote nke M. Cervantes), nke jikọtara ihe ndị opera, ballet pantomime na ihe nkiri puppet. Egwu nke ọrụ a na-agụnye atụmatụ nke akụkọ ifo nke Castile. N'ime afọ 20. N'ime ọrụ Falla, a na-egosipụta njirimara nke neoclassicism. A na-ahụ ha nke ọma na Concerto maka clavicembalo, flute, oboe, clarinet, violin na cello (1923-26), raara onwe ya nye onye na-agụ egwú Polish pụtara ìhè W. Landowska. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Falla rụrụ ọrụ na nnukwu ogbo cantata Atlantis (dabere na uri J. Verdaguer y Santalo). Emechara ya site n'aka nwa akwụkwọ onye na-ede egwú E. Alfter ma rụọ ya dị ka oratorio na 1961, na dị ka opera e mere ya na La Scala na 1962. N'afọ ikpeazụ ya, Falla biri na Argentina, bụ ebe a manyere ya ịkwaga na Francoist Spain. n'afọ 1939.

Egwu Falla na nke izizi na-egosipụta agwa Spanish na ngosipụta mba ya, enweghị oke na mpaghara. Ọrụ ya tinyere egwu Spanish na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe ma wetara ya amara zuru ụwa ọnụ.

V. Ilyev