Kirill Petrovich Kondrashin (Kirill Kondrashin) |

Kirill Kondrashin

Ndị mmadụ Artist nke USSR (1972). Igwe egwu egwu gbara onye na-ese ihe n'ọdịnihu gburugburu kemgbe ọ bụ nwata. Nne na nna ya bụ ndị na-egwu egwu ma na-egwu egwu na egwu egwu dị iche iche. (Ọ na-achọsi ike na nne Kondrashin, A. Tanina, bụ nwanyị mbụ na-asọmpi na Bolshoi Theater Orchestra na 1918.) Na mbụ ọ na-akpọ piano (ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu, VV Stasov technical school), ma mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa kpebiri ịghọ onye nduzi wee banye Moscow Conservatory. Afọ ise ka e mesịrị, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Conservatory na klas B. Khaikin. Ọbụna na mbụ, uto nke egwu egwu ya na-enyere aka nke ukwuu site na klaasị kwekọrọ, polyphony na nyocha nke ụdị na N. Zhilyaev.

Nzọụkwụ mbụ nke onwe onye na-eto eto na-ejikọta ya na Ụlọ ihe nkiri Musical aha ya bụ VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Na mbụ, ọ na-egwuri egwu egwu na egwu egwu, na 1934, o mere mpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye nduzi - n'okpuru nduzi ya bụ operetta "Corneville Bells" nke Plunket, na obere oge gasịrị "Cio-Cio-san" nke Puccini dere.

N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na conservatory, Kondrashin kpọrọ òkù na Leningrad Maly Opera Theatre (1937), bụ nke onye nkụzi ya, B. Khaikin na-eduzi mgbe ahụ. N'ebe a, nhazi nke ihe oyiyi okike nke onye nduzi nọgidere na-aga n'ihu. Ọ nagidere ọrụ ndị dị mgbagwoju anya nke ọma. Mgbe ọrụ mbụ nọọrọ onwe ya na opera A. Pashchenko "Pompadours", e nyere ya ọtụtụ ihe ngosi nke oge ochie na nke oge a: " Wedding of Figaro ", "Boris Godunov", "The Bartered Bride", "Tosca", " Nwatakịrị nwanyị sitere na West", "Kwụsị Don".

Na 1938 Kondrashin so na mbụ All-Union Conducting Competition. Enyere ya diplọma nke abụọ. Nke a bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na-enweghị mgbagha maka onye na-ese ihe dị afọ iri abụọ na anọ, n'ihi na ndị meriri n'asọmpị ahụ abụrụlarị ndị egwu zuru oke.

Na 1943 Kondrashin banyere Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke USSR. Ihe nkiri ihe nkiri nke onye nduzi na-agbasawanye ọbụna karịa. Malite ebe a na "The Snow Maiden" nke Rimsky-Korsakov, ọ na-etinye na "The Bartered Bride" nke Smetana, "Pebble" nke Monyushko, "The Force nke iro" nke Serov, "Bela" nke An. Alexandrova. Otú ọ dị, ugbua n'oge ahụ, Kondrashin malitere ịmalite ịmalite ịmalite ịme ihe ngosi. Ọ na-eduga na Moscow Youth Symphony Orchestra, nke na 1949 meriri Grand Prix na Budapest Festival.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1956 Kondrashin etinyela onwe ya kpamkpam na egwu egwu. Mgbe ahụ, o nweghị ndị egwú ya na-adịgide adịgide. Na njem njem kwa afọ nke mba ahụ, ọ ga-eme ya na otu dị iche iche; ya na ụfọdụ ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ mgbe niile. Ekele maka ịrụsi ọrụ ike ya, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị egwu egwu dị ka Gorky, Novosibirsk, Voronezh emeela ka ọkwa ọkachamara ha dịkwuo mma. Ọrụ otu ọnwa na ọkara nke Kondrashin na Pyongyang Orchestra na DPRK wetakwara ọmarịcha nsonaazụ.

Ugbua n'oge ahụ, ndị ọkachamara Soviet pụtara ìhè ji obi ha rụọ ọrụ na Kondrashin dị ka onye nduzi. Karịsịa, D. Oistrakh nyere ya okirikiri "Development of the Violin Concerto", na E. Gilels na-egwuri niile nke Beethoven's concertos ise. Kondrashin sokwa na agba ikpeazụ nke asọmpi Tchaikovsky International nke mbụ (1958). N'oge na-adịghị anya "duet" ya na onye meriri asọmpi piano bụ Van Cliburn na USA na England. Ya mere Kondrashin ghọrọ onye nduzi Soviet mbụ mere ihe nkiri na United States. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ na-eme ugboro ugboro na concert nkebi gburugburu ụwa.

Ọhụrụ na kasị mkpa ogbo nke Kondrashin nka ọrụ malitere na 1960, mgbe ọ na-edu Moscow Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra. N'oge na-adịghị anya, o jisiri ike weta ndị otu a n'ihu ọnụ ala nka. Nke a na-emetụta ma àgwà arụmọrụ yana oke repertoire. Ọtụtụ mgbe na-ekwu okwu na mmemme oge gboo, Kondrashin lekwasịrị anya na egwu nke oge a. Ọ "chọpụtara" Symphony nke anọ nke D. Shostakovich, nke e dere azụ na iri atọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, onye na-ede egwú nyere ya ọrụ mbụ nke Symphony nke iri na atọ na igbu nke Stepan Razin. N'ime afọ 60, Kondrashin nyere ndị na-ege ntị ọrụ G. Sviridov, M. Weinberg, R. Shchedrin, B. Tchaikovsky na ndị edemede Soviet ndị ọzọ.

“Anyị aghaghị ịsọpụrụ Kondrashin obi ike na nnọgidesi ike, ụkpụrụ, ebumnobi egwú na uto,” ka onye nkatọ M. Sokolsky na-ede. "Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye toro eto, onye nwere uche ma nwee mmetụta miri emi nke onye na-ese ihe Soviet, dị ka onye na-agbasa echiche nke Soviet okike. Na nke a okike, obi ike nnwale nka nke ya, ọ natara nkwado nke ndị egwú, nke na-ebu aha Moscow Philharmonic ... N'ebe a, na Philharmonic Orchestra, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, Kondrashin nwere nnukwu talent abụwo nke ọma na-egbukepụ egbukepụ na n'ebe nile. Ọ ga-amasị m ịkpọ talent a mkparị. Enweghị mkpali, mmetụta mmetụta uche, riri ahụ nke mgbawa dị egwu na njedebe, nkwuwa okwu siri ike, nke sitere na Kondrashin na-eto eto, ka bụ akụkụ kachasị mara nke nka Kondrashin taa. Naanị taa ka oge eruola ka o too ezigbo ntozu okè.

References: R. Glaser. Kirill Kondrashin. "SM", 1963, Nke 5. Razhnikov V., "K. Kondrashin na-ekwu maka egwu na ndụ", M., 1989.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969