Egwu mba ọzọ nke mmalite narị afọ nke 20

Ọchịchọ nke ndị na-ede egwú na-eme ka ihe niile ohere nke chromatic ọnụ ọgụgụ na-enye anyị ohere ka anyị pụta ìhè a iche iche oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agụmakwụkwọ mba ọzọ music, nke chịkọtara rụzuru nke gara aga narị afọ na kwadebere mmadụ nsụhọ maka nghọta nke music n'èzí. 12-ụda usoro.

Mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20 nyere ụwa egwu 4 isi mmegharị n'okpuru aha nke oge a: impressionism, expressionism, neoclassicism na neofolklorism - ha niile ọ bụghị nanị na-achụso dị iche iche ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ma na-emekọ ihe na onye ọ bụla ọzọ n'ime otu music oge.

Mmetụta

Mgbe ejiri nlezianya rụọ ọrụ iji wepụta mmadụ n'otu n'otu ma kwupụta ụwa nke dị n'ime ya, egwu gafere n'echiche ya, ya bụ, ka mmadụ si aghọta ụwa gbara ya gburugburu na nke dị n'ime. Mgba mgba dị n'etiti eziokwu na nrọ enyela ohere ịtụgharị uche nke otu na nke ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, mgbanwe a mere site na mmegharị nke otu aha na nkà ọma French.

N'ihi ihe osise nke Claude Monet, Puvis de Chavannes, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec na Paul Cézanne, egwu ahụ dọtara uche gaa n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na obodo ahụ, na-agbapụ n'anya n'ihi mmiri ozuzo n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, bụkwa ihe ngosi nka nke nwere ike ịbụ. na-ebufe site na ụda.

Mmetụta egwu egwu pụtara na mbụ na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19, mgbe Erik Satie bipụtara opuses ya ("Sylvia", "Angels", "Saraband atọ"). Ya, enyi ya Claude Debussy na onye na-eso ụzọ ha Maurice Ravel niile dọtara mmụọ nsọ na ụzọ okwu sitere na echiche anya.

Nkwupụta

Expressionism, n'adịghị ka impressionism, na-egosi na ọ bụghị mmetụta dị n'ime, kama ngosipụta nke mpụga ahụmahụ. Ọ malitere na iri afọ mbụ nke narị afọ nke 20 na Germany na Austria. Expressionism ghọrọ mmeghachi omume na Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na-alọghachi ndị na-ede egwú na isiokwu nke esemokwu n'etiti mmadụ na eziokwu, nke dị na L. Beethoven na romantics. Ugbu a esemokwu a nwere ohere iji gosipụta onwe ya na ndetu 12 niile nke egwu Europe.

Onye nnọchiteanya kachasị ama nke nkwupụta okwu na egwu mba ọzọ nke mmalite narị afọ nke 20 bụ Arnold Schoenberg. Ọ tọrọ ntọala New Viennese School wee bụrụ onye edemede nke dodecaphony na usoro usoro.

Ebumnuche bụ isi nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Vienna bụ iji dochie usoro egwu egwu "oge ochie" na usoro atonal ọhụrụ jikọtara ya na echiche nke dodecaphony, seriality, seriality na pointillism.

Na mgbakwunye na Schoenberg, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ gụnyere Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Rene Leibowitz, Victor Ullmann, Theodor Adorno, Heinrich Jalowiec, Hans Eisler na ndị ọzọ na-ede egwú.

Neoclassicism

Egwú ndị mba ọzọ nke narị afọ nke 20 nyere ịrị elu n'otu oge na ọtụtụ usoro na ụzọ dị iche iche nke okwu, nke malitere ozugbo ịmekọrịta ibe ha na mmezu egwu nke narị afọ gara aga, nke na-eme ka o sie ike ịchọta usoro egwu egwu nke oge a.

Neoclassicism nwere ike itinye n'otu n'otu ma ohere ọhụrụ nke egwu nwere ụda iri na abụọ yana ụdị na ụkpụrụ nke oge ochie. Mgbe usoro nha nhata gosipụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu ohere ya na oke ya, neoclassicism mebere onwe ya site na mmezu kacha mma nke egwu agụmakwụkwọ n'oge ahụ.

Onye nnọchi anya neoclassicism kachasị na Germany bụ Paul Hindemith.

Na France, e guzobere obodo a na-akpọ "Six", bụ ndị na-ede egwú na ọrụ ha bụ Erik Satie (onye nchoputa nke impressionism) na Jean Cocteau. Njikọ ahụ gụnyere Louis Durey, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Germaine Taillefer na Georges Auric. Onye ọ bụla tụgharịrị na French classicism, na-eduzi ya na ndụ nke oge a nke nnukwu obodo, na-eji nkà na-emepụta ihe.

Neofollorism

Njikọ nke akụkọ ifo na ọgbara ọhụrụ mere ka ọ pụta ìhè neofolklorism. Onye nnọchi anya ya a ma ama bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ Hungary Bela Bartok. O kwuru banyere "ịdị ọcha agbụrụ" na egwu nke mba ọ bụla, echiche nke o kwuru banyere ya n'akwụkwọ nke otu aha.

Nke a bụ isi njirimara na nsonaazụ nke mgbanwe nka nke jupụtara na egwu mba ọzọ nke mmalite narị afọ nke 20. Enwere nhazi ọkwa ndị ọzọ nke oge a, otu n'ime otu n'ime ha na-arụ ọrụ niile edere na-abụghị ụda n'oge a n'ime oge mbụ nke avant-garde.