Ụlọ egwu egwu |

Ụlọ egwu egwu bụ ogige ezubere maka ịrụ ọrụ ọha egwu. ngwaahịa, dabara nke ọma na izute ụfọdụ ihe egwu chọrọ. na ụkpụrụ ụlọ chọrọ. Ememe Iji. - eke utịp istorich. mmepe egwu. omenala na con. 17 - arịọ arịrịọ. narị afọ nke 18 Ọ bụrụ na n'oge gara aga na centers isp. egwu bụ ụlọ ụka, obí eze, parish. t-ry, aristocratic. salons dị maka agbapụta Limited. okirikiri nke ndị mmadụ, mgbe ahụ ka bourgeoisie na-etolite. ọha conc. ndị na-ege ntị malitere ịgbasa nke ọma, enwere conc. òtù na-ahazi mgbe nile arụmọrụ nke otu na soloists na ogige nke ndị ahịa. na ụlọ ọrụ nka, ụlọ ezumezu nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, yana n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri opera. Nke mbụ pụrụiche K. z. Ewubere na 1690 na London site na Concerts of Vocal and Instrumental Music Society. N'ime narị afọ nke 18 K. z. bilitere na France, Holland, Germany, na ọtụtụ mba Europe ndị ọzọ; ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ, muses so na-arụ ọrụ ha. about-va na òtù ndị ọzọ. Ihe owuwu nke K. z. na narị afọ nke 19 n'ihi n'ozuzu usoro nke ochichi onye kwuo uche nke muses. ndụ, yana mmalite nke nnukwu ìgwè ndị egwú na-adịgide adịgide. Nke a mere ka mmụba na nha na ikike nke ụlọ nzukọ (ihe ruru 1,5-2 puku mmadụ). N'otu oge mepere emepe architectural na acoustics. ụkpụrụ kwekọrọ na owuwu. usoro nke oge ahụ.

Na narị afọ nke 20 kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ owuwu nke K. z na-aga n'ihu. A na-azụ ndị ọkachamara. A na-arụkwa ụlọ maka ihe nkiri ọnụ ụlọ ma kwadokwa ya maka ụlọ egwu egwu. nnukwu ụlọ eze na nnukwu ụlọ ochie, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ dịka K. z. a na-eji ụlọ ụka eme ihe. ụlọ. Tinyere nke a, a na-emepụta nnukwu K. z. (puku 3 ma ọ bụ karịa ebe), ebe a na-etinye mmezu kacha ọhụrụ nke acoustics. teknụzụ. Mgbanwe site na ọdịdị square nke obere sekit nke mbụ na-aghọ njirimara. ruo akụkụ anọ ma ọ bụ oval, nke nwere ogbo, kewapụrụ nke ọma na ndị na-ege ntị. ahịrị. N'okwu nke ngalaba, ogbo ahụ dị n'etiti etiti ụlọ nzukọ ahụ. Ogo nke oge a K. z. dị iche iche: ọnụ ụlọ (ihe ruru oche 500) ezubere maka Ch. arr. maka ihe ngosi nke ndị soloists, maka mgbede sonata na obere instr. na wok. kpọkọta; nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ (site na oche 500 ma ọ bụ karịa) - maka ihe ngosi egwu. òtù egwu egwu, ukwe, egwu na choreographic. otu, yana ndị na-eduga soloists. E nwekwara ndị a na-akpọ. Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ okpomọkụ nke e wuru n'èzí n'ụdị amphitheatre nwere ogbo "shell" ma ọ bụ oche maka ndị na-ekiri ihe n'okpuru ụlọ ọkụ. A na-ewu ụlọ nzukọ ndị yiri ya bh na mpaghara ntụrụndụ na mpaghara ime obodo nke nnukwu obodo. K.z dị iche iche. nwee ebe omenala ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ụwa. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ nzukọ bụ nke philharmonic, egwu. gbasara gị, ndị nchekwa, prof. mkpakọrịta. Nke kacha mma zarub. K. z. nke K. z. Society of Friends of Music (Vienna), Ụlọ nka. Smetana (Prague), Ateneum (Bucharest), Bulgaria (Sofia), Ụlọ Nzukọ na Albert Hall (London), Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall (New York) , Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), West Berlin Philharmonic, Gavo, Pleyel (Paris), Concerthuset (Stockholm), wdg.

Aha mbụ K.Z. jere ozi na Russia na narị afọ nke 18. ihe nkiri. Ụlọ Nzukọ, Ụlọ Nzukọ egwu egwu, ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ (Smolny na Ekaterininsky institutes, Academy of Arts na St. Petersburg, Moscow University, wdg), site na narị afọ nke 19. nakwa ogige nke mgbakọ dị mma nke St. Petersburg, Moscow na obodo ndị ọzọ, bụ ebe a na-enye ihe nkiri na-akwụ ụgwọ mgbe niile. N'ala nke abụọ. Na narị afọ nke 2 e wuru nnukwu ụlọ nchekwa. na Petersburg. na Mosk. conservatories, na mgbe e mesịrị a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche ogige na obodo ndị ọzọ. Mgbe Great Oct. socialist. mgbanwe na K. z. a gbanwere ụlọ nke mgbakọ dị mma (K. z. Leningrad. Philharmonic Society, Ụlọ Nzukọ Kọlụm nke Ụlọ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ na Moscow, NV Lysenko Philharmonic Hall na Kyiv, wdg). Tinyere ihe owuwu nke ọhụrụ K. z. ọkachamara. nhọpụta (na Yerevan, Tallinn, Minsk, na obodo ndị ọzọ) n'okpuru K. z. A rụzigharịrị ọtụtụ ụlọ ochie nke ejibuburu maka ebumnuche ndị ọzọ (Ụlọ Nzukọ Engelhardt—e mesịa Obere Ụlọ Nzukọ aha ya bụ MI Glinka nke Leningrad Philharmonic Society, Kremlin Concert Hall na Gorky, ụlọ nzukọ nke Dome Cathedral na Riga, na ndị ọzọ). Ọkachamara. K. z. dị n'isi obodo niile nke mba Union na nnukwu ogige omenala. Na 19 - mmalite. 60s omume nke ewu ihe a na-akpọ. ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ jikọtara ọnụ, nke a na-ahụ anya site n'ikike ha na-abawanye (site na mmadụ 70 ruo 3) ma na-emegharị ma maka egwu egwu na maka ihe omume ndị ọzọ - mgbakọ ọgbakọ, ihe ngosi ihe nkiri, na ihe ngosi ihe nkiri (Ụlọ Kremlin nke Congresses na Moscow, cinema na concert Ụlọ Nzukọ) Oktyabrsky " na Leningrad, "October" na Moscow, "Ukraine" na Kharkov, wdg). Nnukwu K. z. A na-ewu ụlọ na nnukwu ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ("Soviet" na Moscow, wdg). K. z. na USSR ha nwere ọtụtụ uch. ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ, ọha mmadụ. òtù dị iche iche (gụnyere Ụlọ Nzukọ-nsọ ​​nile nke dị na Moscow), ụlọ ndị ọrụ, ime obodo na ụmụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ omenala, na klọb. K. z. A na-ewu ụdị okpomọkụ n'obodo ndị dị na Sochi, Jurmala, Palanga na ndị ọzọ. na USSR: Ụlọ Nzukọ Ukwu na Ụlọ Nta nke Moscow. conservatory ha. PI Tchaikovsky, Ụlọ Nzukọ Kọlụm nke Ụlọ Ndị Ọrụ, Ụlọ Nzukọ egwu aha ya bụ PI Tchaikovsky, Ụlọ Nzukọ State Concert "Russia" na Moscow, Ụlọ Nzukọ Ukwu na Obere nke Leningrad. conservatory ha. NA Rimsky-Korsakov, obere Ụlọ Nzukọ. MI Glinka Leningrad. Philharmonic, K.z. Azerbaijan Conservatory (Baku), K. z. “Estonia” (Estonia State Philharmonic na Tallinn), K.z. Ụlọ ihe nkiri Georgian na Tbilisi, K.z. philharmonic Society na Kazan, K. z. egwu organ na chamber na Kutaisi, K. z. t-ra “Vanemuine” na Tartu, K. z. Obí nke Culture "Ukraine" na Kyiv, K. z. Obí ha. VI Lenin na Alma-Ata na ndị ọzọ.

References: Semenova IN, Stupel AM, Obere Ụlọ Nzukọ aha ya bụ MI Glinka; Andronikov IL, Ụlọ Nzukọ Ukwu nke Philharmonic bụ otu n'ime ebe kachasị mma n'ụwa, ma na nchịkọta: Leningrad State. Order nke Red Banner of Labor Philharmonic, M., 1972; Moscow Philharmonic (nke L. Grigoriev, J. Platek chịkọtara), M., 1973, p. 219-22.

MM Yakovlev