Charles Auguste de Bériot |

Charles Auguste de Beriot

Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ụlọ akwụkwọ Berio Violin bụ ikekwe akwụkwọ ọgụgụ a na-ahụkarị maka ndị mbido violin, na mgbe ụfọdụ ndị nkuzi na-eji ya eme ihe ọbụna taa. Ruo ugbu a, ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ egwu na-egwu echiche efu, ọdịiche, concertos Berio. Edere ụtọ na ụtọ na "violin", ha bụ ihe nkuzi nkuzi kacha nwee ekele. Berio abụghị onye na-eme ihe nkiri, ma ọ bụ nnukwu onye nkụzi, dị anya tupu oge ya n'echiche ya banyere nkuzi egwu. Ọ bụghị n'enweghị ihe kpatara ya n'etiti ụmụ akwụkwọ ya bụ ndị na-akụ violin dị ka Henri Vietan, Joseph Walter, Johann Christian Lauterbach, Jesus Monastero. Vietang fere onye nkụzi ya ofufe ná ndụ ya niile.

Mana ọ bụghị naanị nsonaazụ nke ọrụ nkuzi ya ka a na-atụle. A na-ewere Berio n'ụzọ ziri ezi dị ka onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ violin Belgium nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, nke nyere ụwa ndị a ma ama dị ka Artaud, Guis, Vietanne, Leonard, Emile Servais, Eugene Ysaye.

Berio si n'ezinụlọ ochie a ma ama. A mụrụ ya na Leuven na February 20, 1802 ma tụfuo nne na nna ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata. N'ụzọ dị mma, ikike egwu ya pụrụ iche dọọrọ mmasị ndị ọzọ. Onye nkuzi egwu Tibi sonyere na ọzụzụ izizi nke obere Charles. Berio ji nlezianya mụọ akwụkwọ na mgbe ọ dị afọ 9, o mere ka ọ pụta ìhè n'ihu ọha, na-egwu otu n'ime egwu egwu Viotti.

Mmepe ime mmụọ nke Berio nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu site n'echiche nke prọfesọ nke asụsụ French na akwụkwọ akụkọ, onye mmụta mmadụ bụ Jacotot, bụ onye mepụtara usoro nkuzi nke "ụwa nile" dabere na ụkpụrụ nke nkuzi onwe onye na nhazi onwe onye nke ime mmụọ. N'ịbụ onye usoro ya masịrị ya, Berio gụrụ akwụkwọ n'onwe ya ruo mgbe ọ dị afọ 19. Ná mmalite nke 1821, ọ gara Paris na Viotti, bụ onye n'oge ahụ jere ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke Grand Opera. Viotti mesoro onye na-eto eto violin nke ọma, na ndụmọdụ ya, Berio malitere ịga klas na klas Bayo, onye prọfesọ a ma ama na Paris Conservatory n'oge ahụ. Nwa okorobịa ahụ agbagharaghị otu nkuzi nke Bayo, jiri nlezianya mụọ ụzọ nkuzi ya, nwalee ha n'onwe ya. Mgbe Bayo gasịrị, ọ mụọrọ nwa oge na onye Belgium Andre Robberecht, na nke a bụ njedebe nke agụmakwụkwọ ya.

Ihe omume mbụ Berio mere na Paris wetara ya nnukwu ewu ewu. Egwuregwu egwu mbụ ya, dị nro, na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu n'ebe ọha na eze nọ, na-adaba na mmetụta mmetụta ịhụnanya ọhụrụ nke jisiri ike jide ndị Parisi mgbe afọ dị egwu nke mgbanwe na agha Napoleon gasịrị. Ịga nke ọma na Paris mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụrụ na Berio nwetara ọkpụkpọ òkù England. Njegharị ahụ bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya, eze Netherlands họpụtara Berio court soloist-violinist na-akwụ ụgwọ dị egwu nke 2000 florins kwa afọ.

Mgbanwe nke 1830 kwụsịrị ọrụ ụlọ ikpe ya wee laghachi n'ọnọdụ mbụ ya dị ka onye na-egwu violin. Obere oge tupu, na 1829. Berio bịara Paris igosi nwa akwụkwọ ya na-eto eto - Henri Vietana. N'ebe a, n'otu n'ime ụlọ ndị Parisian, ọ zutere nwunye ya n'ọdịnihu, onye na-agụ egwú opera a ma ama Maria Malibran-Garcia.

Akụkọ ịhụnanya ha dị mwute. Ada nke tenor a ma ama Garcia, Maria mụrụ na Paris na 1808. N'ịbụ onye nwere nkà mara mma, ọ mụtara nhazi na piano n'aka Herold mgbe ọ bụ nwata, mara asụsụ anọ nke ọma, ma mụta ịbụ abụ n'aka nna ya. Na 1824, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na London, bụ ebe ọ rụrụ na concert na, mgbe ọ mụtara akụkụ nke Rosina na Rossini's Barber nke Seville na ụbọchị 2, dochie Pasta na-arịa ọrịa. Na 1826, megidere ọchịchọ nna ya, ọ lụrụ onye ahịa France Malibran. Alụmdi na nwunye ahụ ghọrọ enweghị obi ụtọ na nwa agbọghọ ahụ, na-ahapụ di ya, na-aga Paris, ebe na 1828 ọ ruru ọnọdụ nke mbụ soloist nke Grand Opera. N'otu n'ime ụlọ ndị Parisian, ọ zutere Berio. Onye na-eto eto, onye Belgium mara mma nwere mmetụta a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha n'ahụ onye Spaniard na-ewe iwe ọkụ. Site n'ịgbasawanye àgwà ya, o kwupụtara ịhụnanya ya nye ya. Ma ịhụnanya ha mere ka asịrị na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, ikpe nke ụwa "ka elu". Mgbe ha hapụrụ Paris, ha gara Itali.

Ebibiri ndụ ha na njem egwu na-aga n'ihu. Na 1833, ha mụrụ nwa nwoke, Charles Wilfred Berio, onye mechara bụrụ onye pianist a ma ama na onye na-ede egwú. Ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Malibran anọgidewo na-achọ ịgba alụkwaghịm n'aka di ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ejisi ike ịtọhapụ onwe ya n'alụmdi na nwunye nanị na 1836, ya bụ, mgbe afọ 6 na-egbu mgbu maka ya na ọnọdụ nke a ekaufọk. Ozugbo ịgba alụkwaghịm, agbamakwụkwọ ya na Berio mere na Paris, ebe naanị Lablache na Thalberg nọ.

Obi tọrọ Maria ụtọ. O ji obi ụtọ bịanye aka na aha ọhụrụ ya. Agbanyeghị, akara aka emeghị ebere nye di na nwunye Berio ebe a. Maria, bụ́ onye ịgba ịnyịnya na-amasị, si n'ịnyịnya ya daa n'otu n'ime njem ahụ ma kụrie ya n'isi. Ọ zochiri di ya ihe ahụ merenụ, ọ maliteghị ọgwụgwọ, ọrịa ahụ, na-etolite ngwa ngwa, dugara ya n'ọnwụ. Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị nanị afọ 28! N'ịbụ onye ọnwụ nwunye ya na-ama jijiji, Berio nọ n'ọnọdụ nke oke ịda mbà n'obi ruo 1840. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsị inye ihe nkiri wee banye n'ime onwe ya. N'ezie, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gbakere n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ihe ahụ otiti ahụ mere.

N'afọ 1840, o mere njem dị ukwuu na Germany na Austria. Na Berlin, ọ zutere ma kpọọ egwu ya na onye amateur violin onye Russia a ma ama AF Lvov. Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya, a kpọrọ ya ka ọ were ọkwa prọfesọ na Brussels Conservatory. Berio kwetara ozugbo.

Na mmalite 50s, ihe ọjọọ ọhụrụ dakwasịrị ya - ọrịa anya na-aga n'ihu. N'afọ 1852, a manyere ya ịla ezumike nká n'ọrụ. Afọ 10 tupu ọnwụ ya, Berio kpuru ìsì kpamkpam. Na October 1859, ama ọkara kpuru, ọ bịara St. Petersburg na Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov (1827-1891). Yusupov - onye na-akụ violin na onye na-ahụ n'anya egwu egwu, nwa akwụkwọ nke Vieuxtan - kpọrọ ya ka ọ nọrọ n'ọnọdụ onye isi nke ụlọ ụka. Na ọrụ nke Prince Berio nọrọ na October 1859 na May 1860.

Mgbe Russia gachara, Berio biri na Brussels, ebe ọ nwụrụ na Eprel 10, 1870.

Arụmọrụ na imepụta ihe nke Berio jikọtara ya na ọdịnala nke ụlọ akwụkwọ violin oge gboo nke French nke Viotti – Baio. Ma o nyere omenala ndị a àgwà mmetụta mmetụta uche. N'ihe banyere nkà, Berio dịkwa iche na ịhụnanya ịhụnanya nke Paganini na "oke" ịhụnanya nke Spohr. E ji njiri mara dị nro na nghọta mara egwu Berio, yana ngwa ngwa - nchacha na amara. A na-amata udidi nke ọrụ ya site na ìhè ya na-egbuke egbuke, lacy, filigree figuration. N'ozuzu, egwu ya nwere mmetụ nke salonism na enweghị omimi.

Anyị na-achọta nyocha igbu ọchụ nke egwu ya na V. Odoevsky: "Gịnị bụ mgbanwe nke Mr. Berio, Mr. Kallivoda na tutti qunti? "Afọ ole na ole gara aga na France, e mepụtara igwe, nke a na-akpọ compouum, nke n'onwe ya nwere ọdịiche dị iche iche na isiokwu ọ bụla. Ụmụ amadị ndị ode akwụkwọ taa na-eṅomi igwe a. Mbụ, ị nụla okwu mmeghe, ụdị nkwughachi; mgbe ahụ motif, mgbe ahụ, triplets, mgbe ahụ ugboro abụọ ejikọrọ ndetu, na-apụghị izere ezere staccato na-apụghị izere ezere pizzicato, mgbe ahụ, na adagio, na n'ikpeazụ, n'ihi na e chere na ụtọ nke ọha na eze - ịgba egwú na mgbe niile otu ebe!

Mmadụ nwere ike isonye na njiri mara ụdị Berio, nke Vsevolod Cheshikhin nyere Concerto Seventh ya otu oge: “Concerto nke asaa. adịghị iche site na omimi pụrụ iche, ntakịrị mmetụta uche, ma mara oke mma ma dị irè. Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Berio ... kama yiri Cecilia Carlo Dolce, ihe osise kacha hụ n'anya nke Dresden Gallery site na ụmụ nwanyị, ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi a nwere ihe na-adọrọ mmasị nke onye mmụọ nke oge a, mara mma, nke ụjọ na-atụ na mkpịsị aka ya na anya anya.

Dị ka onye na-ede egwú, Berio mara nnọọ mma. O dere 10 violin concertos, 12 aria na ọdịiche, 6 akwụkwọ ndetu nke violin ọmụmụ, ọtụtụ salon iberibe, 49 amamiihe egwu duets maka piano na violin, ọtụtụ n'ime ha e dere na mmekorita ya na ndị kasị ama pianists - Hertz, Thalberg, Osborne, Benedict. , Wolf. Ọ bụ ụdị egwu egwu gbadoro ụkwụ na ụdịdị virtuoso.

Berio nwere ihe edemede na isiokwu ndị Russia, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Fantasia maka egwu A. Dargomyzhsky "Darling Maiden" Op. 115, raara nye onye violin Russia I. Semenov. N'ihe dị n'elu, anyị ga-agbakwunye Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Violin na akụkụ 3 na mgbakwunye "Transcendental School" (Ecole transendante du violon), nke nwere 60 etudes. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Berio na-ekpughe akụkụ dị mkpa nke nkuzi ya. Ọ na-egosi mkpa ọ dị na mmepe egwu nke nwa akwụkwọ ahụ. Dị ka ụzọ dị irè nke mmepe, onye edemede na-atụ aro ka ị na-abụ abụ site na ntị. O dere, sị: “A na-ebelata ihe isi ike ndị ọmụmụ violin na-egosi ná mmalite maka nwa akwụkwọ gụchara solfeggio. Na-enweghị ihe isi ike ọ bụla n'ịgụ egwu, ọ nwere ike ilekwasị anya nanị na ngwá ọrụ ya ma na-achịkwa mmegharị nke mkpịsị aka ya na ụta n'enweghị mgbalị siri ike.

Dị ka Berio si kwuo, solfegging, na mgbakwunye, na-enyere aka ọrụ site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na mmadụ na-amalite ịnụ ihe anya na-ahụ, na anya na-amalite ịhụ ihe ntị na-anụ. Site n'iji olu ya na-edegharị ụda olu ahụ ma dee ya, nwa akwụkwọ ahụ na-amụba ebe nchekwa ya, na-eme ka ọ na-ejigide ndo nile nke abụ abụ, ụda ya na agba ya. N'ezie, ụlọ akwụkwọ Berio bụ ihe ochie. Ome nke usoro nkuzi nke ịnụ ntị, nke bụ usoro na-aga n'ihu nke nkuzi egwu nke oge a, bara uru na ya.

Berio nwere obere ụda, mana juputara na ụda ịma mma enweghị nkọwa. Ọ bụ onye na-agụ abụ, onye na-ede violin. Heine dere n’akwụkwọ ozi sitere na Paris na 1841, sị: “Mgbe ụfọdụ, enweghị m ike iwepụ echiche bụ́ na mkpụrụ obi nwunye ya nwụrụ anwụ dị na violin Berio, ọ na-abụkwa abụ. Naanị Ernst, bụ́ onye na-ede uri bụ́ Bohemian, pụrụ isite ngwá ọrụ ya wepụta ụda dị nro na nke na-atọ ụtọ.

L. Raaben