Boris Nikolayevich Lyatoshinsky (Boris Lyatoshinsky) |

Boris Lyatoshinsky

Aha Boris Nikolaevich Lyatoshinsky jikọtara ọ bụghị nanị na nnukwu na, ma eleghị anya, oge kachasị ebube na mmepe nke egwu Soviet Ukraine, kamakwa na ebe nchekwa nke nnukwu talent, obi ike na ịkwụwa aka ọtọ. N'oge ihe isi ike nke obodo ya, n'oge kachasị ilu nke ndụ ya, ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye na-ese ihe n'eziokwu na obi ike. Lyatoshinsky bụ onye na-ede egwú symphonic. Maka ya, symphonism bụ ụzọ ndụ na egwu egwu, ụkpụrụ nke iche echiche na ọrụ niile na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla - site na nnukwu akwa akwa na obere obere choral ma ọ bụ nhazi nke egwu ndị mmadụ.

Ụzọ Lyatoshinsky na nkà adịghị mfe. A ihe nketa nwere ọgụgụ isi, na 1918 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Faculty of Law nke Kyiv University, otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị - si Kyiv Conservatory na mejupụtara klas nke R. Gliere. Afọ ọgba aghara nke afọ iri mbụ nke narị afọ ahụ pụtakwara n'ọrụ mbụ nke onye na-ede egwú na-eto eto, bụ́ nke a na-enweworị mmetụta ịhụnanya ya nke ọma. Quartets nke mbụ na nke abụọ, Symphony nke mbụ juputara na mkpali ihunanya na-ekpo ọkụ, isiokwu egwu a nụchara anụcha nke malitere na Scriabin mbubreyo. Nlebara anya dị ukwuu na okwu ahụ - uri nke M. Maeterlinck, I. Bunin, I. Severyanin, P. Shelley, K. Balmont, P. Verlaine, O. Wilde, ndị China oge ochie na-ede uri embodied na dokwara nụchara anụcha romances na mgbagwoju egwu egwu. n'ụzọ pụrụ iche nke harmonic na rhythmic pụtara. Enwere ike ikwu otu ihe ahụ banyere ọrụ piano nke oge a (Ntụgharị uche, Sonata), bụ nke e ji mara ihe oyiyi na-egosipụta nke ọma, aphoristic laconism nke isiokwu na mmepe ha kachasị arụ ọrụ, dị egwu ma dị irè. Ihe mejupụtara ya bụ nke mbụ Symphony (1918), bụ nke gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya onyinye polyphonic, iwu mara mma nke egwu egwu egwu, na oke echiche.

N'afọ 1926, Overture pụtara na isiokwu anọ nke Ukraine, na-akara mmalite nke oge ọhụrụ, nke a na-eji nlezianya anya na akụkọ ifo ndị Ukraine, ịbanye na nzuzo nke echiche ndị mmadụ, n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, omenala (operas The Golden Hoop na The The Golden Hoop). Ọchịagha (Shchors) ); cantata "Zapovit" na T. Shevchenko; akara nke kasị mma lyricism, ndokwa nke Ukraine ndiife songs maka olu na piano na maka ukwe a cappella, nke Lyatoshinsky nkwuwa okwu ewebata mgbagwoju polyphonic usoro, nakwa dị ka ihe ọhụrụ maka ndiife music, ma kemgwucha na-egosipụta na organic harmonies). The opera The Golden Hoop (dabere na akụkọ nke I. Franko) ekele maka nkata akụkọ ihe mere eme sitere na narị afọ nke XNUMX. mere ka o kwe omume ịse ihe oyiyi nke ndị mmadụ, na ịhụnanya dị egwu, na ndị mara mma. Asụsụ egwu nke opera dịkwa iche iche, nwere usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke leitmotif na mmepe symphonic na-aga n'ihu. N'ime afọ agha, yana Kyiv Conservatory, Lyatoshinsky a kpọpụrụ na Saratov, bụ ebe a na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị siri ike. Onye na-ede egwú na-arụkọ ọrụ mgbe niile na ndị na-edezi ụlọ ọrụ redio. T. Shevchenko, bụ onye na-agbasa mmemme ya maka ndị bi na ndị òtù nke ókèala Ukraine. N'ime otu afọ ndị ahụ, Ukraine Quintet, nke anọ eriri Quartet, na Suite maka eriri Quartet na Ukraine folk themes e kere.

Afọ ndị agha ahụ biri na-akpa ike karịsịa ma na-amị mkpụrụ. N'ihi na afọ 20 Lyatoshinsky na-eke mara mma choral miniatures: na St. T. Shevchenko; okirikiri "Oge" na st. A. Pushkin, na ọdụ ụgbọ. A. Fet, M. Rylsky, "Site n'oge gara aga".

Symphony nke atọ, nke e dere na 1951, ghọrọ ọrụ dị ịrịba ama. Isi isiokwu ya bụ mgba n'etiti ezi ihe na ihe ọjọọ. Mgbe arụchara ọrụ mbụ na plenum nke Union of Composers nke Ukraine, a katọrọ nkatọ egwu na-ezighi ezi, nke a na-ahụkarị maka oge ahụ. Onye na-ede egwú aghaghị imegharị scherzo na njedebe. Ma, ọ dabara nke ọma, egwu ahụ ka dị ndụ. Site n'ichepụta echiche kachasị mgbagwoju anya, echiche egwu, ngwọta dị egwu, Symphony nke atọ nke Lyatoshinsky nwere ike tinye ya na D. Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony. 50-60s akara site na oke mmasị onye na-ede egwú na omenala Slavic. N'ịchọ mgbọrọgwụ ndị a na-ahụkarị, a na-amụ nke ọma nke ndị Slav, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Bulgarian folklore. N'ihi ya, "Slavic Concerto" maka piano na ndị egwú na-apụta; 2 mazurkas na isiokwu Polish maka cello na piano; romances na St. A. Mitskevich; Symphonic poems "Grazhina", "N'akụkụ mmiri nke Vistula"; "Polish Suite", "Slavic Overture", nke ise ("Slavic") Symphony, "Slavic Suite" maka egwu egwu egwu. Pan-Slavism Lyatoshinsky na-akọwa site n'ọkwá dị elu nke mmadụ, dịka obodo nke mmetụta na nghọta nke ụwa.

Onye na-ede egwú na-eduzi otu echiche ahụ na ọrụ nkuzi ya, na-ebute ihe karịrị otu ọgbọ nke ndị na-ede egwú Ukraine. Ụlọ akwụkwọ Lyatoshinsky bụ, nke mbụ, njirimara nke onye ọ bụla, nkwanye ùgwù maka echiche dị iche, nnwere onwe ịchọ. Ọ bụ ya mere ụmụ akwụkwọ ya V. Silvestrov na L. Grabovsky, V. Godzyatsky na N. Poloz, E. Stankovich na I. Shamo dị nnọọ ka ibe ha n'ọrụ ha. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha, ebe ọ họọrọ ụzọ nke ya, ka o sina dị, na nke ọ bụla n'ime ọrụ ya, na-anọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ihe na isi iwu nke Onye Ozizi - ịnọgide na-abụ onye na-akwụwa aka ọtọ na onye na-adịghị ekwe omume nwa amaala, ohu nke omume na akọ na uche.

S. Filstein