Birgit Nilsson |

Birgit Nilsson

Birgit Nilsson bụ onye Sweden na-agụ opera na soprano dị egwu. Otu n'ime ndị na-agụ opera a ma ama nke ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Ọ nwetara nkwanye ùgwù pụrụ iche dị ka onye ntụgharị pụtara egwu nke Wagner. N'elu ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ọrụ ya, Nilsson nwere mmasị na ike na-enweghị mgbalị nke olu ya nke rikpuru ndị egwu egwu, yana njikwa iku ume dị ịrịba ama, nke nyere ya ohere ijide ndetu ruo ogologo oge dị ịtụnanya. N'ime ndị ọrụ ibe ya amaara ya maka ịkpa ọchị na agwa onye ndu ya.

A mụrụ Marta Birgit Nilsson na May 17, 1918 n'ime ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo ma nọrọ oge ọ bụ nwata n'ugbo dị n'obodo Vestra Karup, na mpaghara Skane, 100 kilomita site na obodo Malmö. Enweghị ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ mmiri pọmpụ n'ugbo ahụ, dị ka ụmụaka niile na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, site na nwata, ọ na-enyere ndị mụrụ ya aka ilekọta ezinụlọ - ihe ọkụkụ na ihe ubi, ehi mmiri ara ehi, na-elekọta anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ dị mkpa. Ọ bụ naanị ya bụ nwa n’ezinụlọ ahụ, nna Birgit Nils Peter Swenson nwekwara olileanya na ọ ga-anọchi ya n’ọrụ a. Birgit nwere mmasị ịbụ abụ kemgbe ọ bụ nwata na, n'okwu nke ya, ọ malitere ịgụ abụ tupu ya enwee ike ịga ije, o ketara talent ya n'aka nne ya Justina Paulson, onye nwere olu mara mma ma mara otú e si egwu egwu. N'ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya nke anọ, Birgit, onye ọrụ goro ego na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ onye òtù ezinụlọ Otto, nyere ya piano egwuregwu ụmụaka, ebe ọ hụrụ mmasị ya n'egwú, nna ya nyere ya akụkụ ahụ. Ndị nne na nna nwere nnọọ mpako maka nkà nwa ha nwanyị, ọ na-abụkwa abụ n'ụlọ egwu maka ndị ọbịa, ezumike obodo na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, malite mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, ọ rụrụ n'òtù ukwe chọọchị na n'otu ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-amu amu n'obodo Bastad dị nso. Kantor dọọrọ uche gaa n'ikike ya wee gosi Birgit n'ihu onye nkụzi ịgụ egwú na onye nkụzi nke si n'obodo Astorp Ragnar Blenov, bụ́ onye chọpụtara ikike ya ozugbo ma kwuo, sị: "Nwa agbọghọ ahụ ga-aghọ ezigbo onye ọbụ abụ." N'afọ 1939, ọ mụụrụ ya ihe egwu, ọ dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ zụlitekwuo ikike ya.

Na 1941, Birgit Nilsson banyere Royal Academy of Music na Stockholm. Nna ahụ megidere nhọrọ a, o nwere olile anya na Birgit ga-aga n'ihu n'ọrụ ya wee keta oke akụ na ụba ha, ọ jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ maka agụmakwụkwọ ya. Nne na-ekenye ego maka agụmakwụkwọ site na ego nke onwe ya. N'ụzọ dị mwute, Justina emeghị ka nwa ya nwanyị nwee ọganihu zuru oke, na 1949 ụgbọ ala kụrụ ya, ihe omume a mebiri Birgit, ma wusie mmekọrịta ha na nna ya ike.

Na 1945, ka Birgit ka na-agụ akwụkwọ na agụmakwụkwọ, zutere Bertil Niklason, nwa akwụkwọ na kọleji anụmanụ, na ụgbọ oloko, ha hụrụ n'anya ozugbo na n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ gwara ya, na 1948 ha lụrụ. Birgit na Bertil nọrọ ọnụ n'oge ndụ ha niile. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eso ya gaa njem ụfọdụ gburugburu ụwa, ma ọ na-anọkarị na-arụ ọrụ n’ụlọ. Bertil enweghị mmasị karịsịa na egwu, Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ekwere mgbe nile na nkà nwunye ya ma kwado Birgit n'ọrụ ya, dịka ọ na-akwado ọrụ ya. Ọ dịghị mgbe Birgit soro di ya mee ihe n'ụlọ, sị: “Ihe akpịrịkpa ndị a na-adịghị agwụ agwụ nwere ike ibibi ọtụtụ alụmdi na nwunye, ma ọ bụ ma ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ, ọtụtụ akwara,” ka o kwuru. N'ụlọ, ọ nwetara udo ma nwee ike ịkọrọ Bertil echiche ya, ọ nwere ekele na ọ na-emeso ya dị ka nwanyị nkịtị, ọ dịghịkwa mgbe ọ bụla etinye "oké opera diva" na pedestal. Ha amụtaghị ụmụ.

Na Royal Academy, ndị nkuzi olu Birgit Nilsson bụ Joseph Hislop na Arne Sanegard. Otú ọ dị, o weere onwe ya dị ka onye kụziri onwe ya ma kwuo, sị: "Onye nkụzi kasị mma bụ egwuregwu." Ọ kparịrị agụmakwụkwọ nwata ya ma kwuo na ihe ịga nke ọma ya bụ nkà sitere n'okike: "Onye nkụzi mbụ m na-abụ abụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gbuo m, nke abụọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ dị njọ."

Mpụta mbụ Birgit Nilsson na opera ogbo mere na Royal Opera House na Stockholm na 1946, na ọrụ Agatha na KM Weber's "Free Shooter", a kpọrọ ya ụbọchị atọ tupu arụmọrụ ahụ iji dochie onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-arịa ọrịa. Onye na-eduzi Leo Blech enweghị afọ ojuju maka ịrụ ọrụ ya, ma ruo oge ụfọdụ, a tụkwasịghị ya obi na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. N'afọ sochirinụ (1947) ọ gafere nyocha ahụ nke ọma, oge a nwere oge zuru oke, ọ kwadebere nke ọma ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na Verdi's Lady Macbeth n'okpuru baton nke Fritz Busch. O nwetara nnabata nke ndị na-ege Sweden na-ege ntị wee nweta ọkwa n'ime ndị egwuregwu ihe nkiri. Na Stockholm, o mepụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ kwụsiri ike nke ọrụ egwu dị egwu, gụnyere Donna Anna sitere na Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Aida, Puccini's Tosca, Sieglind sitere na Wagner's Valkyrie, Marshall sitere na Strauss's The Rosenkavalier na ndị ọzọ, na-eme ha na Swedish. asụsụ.

Ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe nke ọrụ mba ụwa Birgit Nilsson bụ Fritz Busch, onye gosipụtara ya na Glyndebourne Opera Festival na 1951 dị ka Elektra si Mozart's Idomeneo, Eze Crete. Na 1953, Nilsson mere ya mpụta mbụ na Vienna State Opera - ọ bụ mgbanwe oge na ya ọrụ, ọ ga-mgbe niile na-eme ebe ahụ ihe karịrị 25 afọ. Nke a sochiri ọrụ Elsa nke Brabant na Wagner's Lohengrin na Bayreuth Festival na Brunnhilde mbụ ya na okirikiri zuru oke nke Der Ring des Nibelungen na Bavarian State Opera. Na 1957, o mere mpụta mbụ ya na Covent Garden n'otu ọrụ ahụ.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ibu ihe na ndụ okike nke Birgit Nilsson na-ewere òkù na mmeghe nke oge opera na La Scala na 1958, na ọrụ nke Princess Turandot G. Puccini, n'oge ahụ ọ bụ onye nke abụọ na-abụghị Ịtali na-agụ egwú na. akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe Maria Callas gasịrị, onye e nyere ohere mmeghe nke oge na La Scala. Na 1959, Nilsson mere ka ọ pụta ìhè nke mbụ na Metropolitan Opera dị ka Isolde na Wagner's Tristan und Isolde, wee nọchie soprano Norwegian Kirsten Flagstad na akwụkwọ akụkọ Wagner.

Birgit Nilsson bụ onye isi Wagnerian soprano nke ụbọchị ya. Agbanyeghị, ọ rụrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama, na mkpokọta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya gụnyere ihe karịrị ọrụ 25. O meela ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ opera niile dị n'ụwa, gụnyere Moscow, Vienna, Berlin, London, New York, Paris, Milan, Chicago, Tokyo, Hamburg, Munich, Florence, Buenos Aires na ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ndị na-agụ opera niile, na mgbakwunye na ihe nkiri, Birgit Nilsson nyere egwu egwu. Otu n'ime ihe ngosi egwu kachasị ama nke Birgit Nilsson bụ egwu egwu na Sydney Symphony Orchestra nke Charles Mackeras mere na mmemme "All Wagner". Nke a bụ mmemme mmeghe izizi nke Sydney Opera House Concert Hall na 1973 n'ihu Queen Elizabeth II.

Ọrụ Birgit Nilsson dị ogologo, ọ rụrụ n'ụwa niile ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri anọ. N'afọ 1982, Birgit Nilsson mere ngosipụta ikpeazụ ya na opera na Frankfurt am Main dị ka Elektra. E ji opera “Woman Without a Shadow” nke R. Strauss mere na Vienna State Opera, agbanyeghị, Birgit kagburu arụmọrụ ahụ. Ya mere, ihe ngosi na Frankfurt bụ nke ikpeazụ na opera. Na 1984, o mere njem egwu ikpeazụ ya na Germany wee hapụ nnukwu egwu. Birgit Nilsson laghachiri n'ala nna ya wee gaa n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri ọrụ ebere, gụnyere ndị na-agụ egwú na-eto eto, maka ọha egwu obodo, nke malitere na 1955 wee bụrụ onye a ma ama na ọtụtụ ndị hụrụ opera n'anya. O mere ihe nkiri ikpeazụ ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na 2001.

Birgit Nilsson biri ogologo ndụ na ihe omume. Ọ nwụrụ n'udo n'ụlọ ya na Disemba 25, 2005, mgbe ọ dị afọ 87. Abụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-akpali ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, ndị fan na ndị hụrụ opera n'anya gburugburu ụwa.

Uru nke Birgit Nilsson na-enwe ekele maka ọtụtụ onyinye steeti na ọha na eze sitere na mba dị iche iche, gụnyere Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, Austria, Norway, USA, England, Spain na ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye nsọpụrụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na ọha egwu. Sweden na-eme atụmatụ ịnye akwụkwọ ego 2014-krona na 500 nwere ihe osise Birgit Nilsson.

Birgit Nilsson haziri ego iji kwado ndị na-eto eto nwere nkà na Sweden ma họpụta ha akwụkwọ mmụta site na ego ahụ. Enyere akwụkwọ mmụta mbụ na 1973 ma na-aga n'ihu na-akwụ ụgwọ na-aga n'ihu ruo ugbu a. Otu ntọala ahụ haziri "Birgit Nilsson Award", nke ezubere maka onye nwetara, n'ụzọ sara mbara, ihe pụrụ iche na ụwa nke opera. A na-enye ihe nrite a kwa afọ 2-3, bụ otu nde dollar ma bụrụ ihe nrite kachasị na egwu. Dị ka uche nke Birgit Nilsson si kwuo, a malitere inye onyinye ahụ afọ atọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, ọ họọrọ onye nwe ya n'onwe ya wee ghọọ Placido Domingo, onye na-agụ egwú na onye òtù ọlụlụ ya na opera, onye natara onyinye na 2009 site na. aka nke Eze Charles XVI nke Sweden. Nke abụọ natara ihe nrite na 2011 bụ onye nduzi Riccardo Muti.