Ụda |

German Ton - ụda, sitere na Grik. tonos, ọkụ. - esemokwu, esemokwu

Otu n'ime echiche ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na tiori egwu.

1) Na egwu. acoustics – akụkụ nke ụdị ụda dị iche iche, nke kpụrụ site na oge. mmegharị oscillating: akụkụ T., aliquot T., ụda olu (enwere okwu "ụda olu"), dị ọcha, ma ọ bụ sinusoidal, T.; n'oge mkparịta ụka nke ụda, njikọta T., T. coincidences bilitere. Ọ dị iche na ụda egwu egwu, nke gụnyere isi. ụda na ụda olu, na site na mkpọtụ - ụda nwere ụda ụda na-enweghị isi, to-ry na-akpata site na-abụghị nke oge. mmegharị oscillating. T. nwere ụda olu, olu, na timbre nke na-adabere na ndekọ (obere T. na-agwụ ike, matte; ndị dị elu na-egbuke egbuke, na-egbuke egbuke) na ụda olu (na nnukwu ụda olu, ụda T. na-agbanwe, n'ihi na n'ihi mgbagwoju anya. n'ụdị mmegharị oscillatory n'oge na-agafe ha site na mpụga analyzer nke akụkụ nke ntị, ihe a na-akpọ subsidential overtones bilie). Enwere ike ịmepụta T. site na igwe na-emepụta ugboro ugboro; T. dị otú ahụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na electromusic. ngwa maka njikọ ụda.

2) Oge etiti oge, ihe nrịbama nke ọkwa ọkwa: na ngbanwe dị ọcha - nnukwu T. zuru oke nke nwere ọnụọgụ ugboro nke 9/8, hà nhata 204 cents, na obere T. dum na ọnụọgụ ugboro nke 10/9, hà nhata. cents 182; na nha nha nha nha - 1/6 octave, dum T., hà nhata 200 cents; na gamma diatonic - yana semitone, oke dị n'etiti nzọụkwụ dị n'akụkụ (okwu enwetara - tritone, ụda nke atọ, ụda nkeji anọ, ụda ụda dum, ụda ụda-semitone, egwu iri na abụọ, wdg).

3) Otu dị ka ụda egwu dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke muses. usoro: ogo nke ọnụ ọgụgụ, ọnọdụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ (ụda bụ isi - tonic; na-achị, subdominant, mmeghe, median ụda); ụda nke ụda (isi, nke atọ, ise, wdg), ụda na-abụghị ụda (njide, inyeaka, na-agafe T.); mmewere nke egwu (mbụ, ikpeazụ, culminating, wdg T.). Okwu ewepụtara - ụda olu, polytonality, tonicity, wdg T. - aha ochie maka ụda olu.

4) Na nke a na-akpọ. Ụdị ụlọ ụka (lee ụdịdị oge ochie) aha ọnọdụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụda m, ụda III, ụda VIII).

5) Meistersingers nwere ihe nlere egwu maka ịbụ abụ na decomp. ederede (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụda olu nke G. Sachs "Tone Silver").

6) Okwu agbakwunyere isiokwu nke mmetụta izugbe nke ụda: ndò, àgwà nke ụda; dị ka ụda ụda olu, àgwà nke olu, ngwá ọrụ, ụda a na-eme (dị ọcha, eziokwu, ụgha, nkwupụta, zuru oke, T. umengwụ, wdg).

References: Yavorsky BL, Ọdịdị nke okwu egwu egwu, akụkụ 1-3, M., 1908; Asafiev BV, Nduzi maka egwu egwu, vol. 1, P., 1919, M., 1978; Tyulin Yu. N., Ozizi nke ịdị n’otu, vol. 1 - Isi nsogbu nke nkwekọ, (M.-L.), 1937, mezie. na gbakwunye., M., 1966; Teplov BM, Psychology nke ikike egwu, M.-L., 1947; Egwuregwu egwu egwu (onye nchịkọta akụkọ General NA Garbuzov), M., 1954; Sposobin IV, Ozizi Elementary nke egwu, M., 1964; Volodin AA, Ngwa egwu eletrọnịkị, M., 1970; Nazaikinsky EV, Na nkà mmụta uche nke echiche egwu, M., 1972; Helmholtz H., Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen…, Braunschweig, 1863, Hildesheim, 1968 Riemann H., Katechismus der Akustik, Lpz., 1875, 1891 (Nsụgharị Russian - Riemann G., Acoustics si ele egwu egwu, echiche sayensị, echiche sayensị, egwu egwu, egwu egwu, egwu egwu, egwu egwu, egwu egwu). M., 1921); Kurth E., Grundlagen des linearen Kontrapunkts…, Bern, 1898, 1917

Yu. N. Rags