Nyocha egwu |

(site na Grik. nyocha - decomposition, dismemberment) - nchọpụta sayensị nke egwu egwu. mmepụta: ụdị ha, ụdị, egwu. asụsụ, yana ọrụ nke akụkụ nke ọ bụla na mmekọrịta ha na mmejuputa ọdịnaya. Aghọtara nyocha dịka usoro nyocha, DOS. na nkewa nke dum n'ime akụkụ, ihe mejupụtara. Nyocha na-emegide njikọ - usoro nyocha, nke mejupụtara njikọ otd. ọcha n'ime otu dum. Nyocha na njikọ dị n'otu chiri anya. F. Engels kwuru na "iche echiche na-agụnye nbibi nke ihe ndị a maara n'ime ihe ndị dị n'ime ha dị ka n'ịdị n'otu nke ihe ndị jikọtara ibe ha n'otu n'otu. Ọ dịghị njikọ na-enweghị nyocha” (Anti-Dühring, K. Marx na F. Engels, Soch., 2nd ed., vol. 20, M., 1961, p. 41). Naanị nchikota nke nyocha na njikọ na-eduga na nghọta miri emi nke ihe ahụ. Nke a na-emetụtakwa A. m., nke, na njedebe, ga-eduga mgbe niile na mkpokọta, njikọ. Usoro ụzọ abụọ dị otú ahụ na-eduga ná nghọta miri emi nke ihe ndị a ga-amụ. Okwu a bụ "A. m." ghọtara ma jiri ya mee ihe n'ụzọ sara mbara ma dị warara. Yabụ, site na A.m. ha na-aghọta nyocha. nleba anya nke egwu ọ bụla. ụkpụrụ dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye nwere ike nyochaa Ọdịdị nke isi na obere, ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke harmonic ọrụ, norms nke mita n'ime a ụfọdụ style, iwu nke mejupụtara nke a dum mpempe music, wdg). N'echiche a, okwu a bụ "A. m." jikọtara ya na okwu "theoretical musicology". A. m. a kọwakwara ya dị ka nyocha. nleba anya nke ihe ọ bụla nke egwu. asụsụ n'ime otu egwu. na-arụ ọrụ. Nke a bụ nghọta dị warara nke okwu ahụ “A. m." bụ onye ndu. Egwú bụ nkà na-adịru nwa oge, ọ na-egosipụta phenomena nke eziokwu na usoro nke mmepe ha, ya mere, uru kachasị mkpa na nyocha nke muses. prod. na ihe ndị dị n'otu n'otu nwere ntọala nke usoro mmepe.

Otu n'ime isi ụdị okwu nka. image na music bụ muses. isiokwu. Ọmụmụ isiokwu na ntụnyere ha, isiokwu niile. mmepe bụ oge kachasị mkpa na nyocha nke ọrụ ahụ. Okwu nyocha ahụ na-ebutekwa nkọwapụta nke ụdị mmalite nke isiokwu. Ebe ọ bụ na ejikọtara ụdị ahụ na ụdị ọdịnaya yana ọtụtụ ụzọ ngosipụta, ịkọwapụta ụdị isiokwu ahụ na-enyere aka ikpughe ọdịnaya ya.

Enwere ike nyocha. ihe egwu egwu. ngwaahịa eji na ha expresses. pụtara: mita, uda (ma na ha onwe ha pụtara na ha nkwonkwo omume), mode, timbre, dynamics, wdg Harmonic (lee Harmony) na polyphonic (lee Polyphony) analysis dị oké mkpa, n'oge nke udidi na-atụle dị ka a ụzọ ngosi ụfọdụ, yana nyocha nke egwu dị ka ụdị holistic kachasị mfe nke nwere isi ịdị n'otu nke okwu. ego. Ụdị ọzọ nke A. m. bụ analysis nke mejupụtara. mmepụta ụdị. (ya bụ, atụmatụ nke ntụnyere isiokwu na mmepe, lee ụdị egwu) - mejupụtara n'ịchọpụta ụdị na ụdị ụdị, na ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke isiokwu. mmepe.

N'ụdị ndị a niile, A.m. ejikọtara ya na ogo dị ukwuu ma ọ bụ nke nta nke nwa oge, ihe arụrụ arụ, mana ọ dị mkpa abstraction, nkewa nke ihe enyere na ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na nyocha nke kwekọrọ, ọ dị mkpa mgbe ụfọdụ ịtụle oke nke ụda olu nke ọ bụla, n'agbanyeghị ọrụ nke mita, ụda, ụda olu.

Ụdị nyocha pụrụ iche - "mgbagwoju anya" ma ọ bụ "holistic" - bụ nyocha nke egwu. Edemede emepụtara na ndabere nke nyocha nke ihe mejupụtara. ụdị, ma jikọtara ya na ọmụmụ ihe niile components nke dum na ha mmekọrịta na mmepe.

Elucidation nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na stylistic. na ụdị ihe dị mkpa dị mkpa na ụdị atomism niile, ma ọ dị mkpa karịsịa na nyocha dị mgbagwoju anya (holistic), ihe mgbaru ọsọ kachasị elu nke bụ ọmụmụ ihe egwu. prod. dị ka a na-elekọta mmadụ ideological phenomena na ya dum istorich. njikọ. Ụdị nyocha a dị na njedebe nke usoro iwu kwesịrị ekwesị. na akụkọ ihe mere eme musicology. Ikwiikwii. ndị ọkà mmụta egwu na-akọwapụta data nke A.m. na ndabere nke usoro nke Marxist-Leninist aesthetics.

A. m. nwere ike ije ozi dị ka decomp. ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Nyocha nke onye akụkụ nke music. A na-eji ọrụ (ihe nke asụsụ egwu) eme ihe na nkuzi na nkuzi. nkuzi, akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, ihe enyemaka nkuzi na na tooretich. nyocha. Na sayensị ọmụmụ dị ka ụdị ha na kpọmkwem na-elekwasị anya na-doro keukwu analysis otd. ga-ekwupụta. ihe, ụkpụrụ nke mejupụtara. ụdị egwu na-arụ ọrụ. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ na ngosi nke usoro iwu izugbe. A na-enyocha nsogbu dị ka ihe akaebe nke ọnọdụ a tụrụ anya n'otu n'otu. samples – edemede sitere na egwu. arụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọrụ niile. Nke a bụ usoro nbipụta. N'ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ dị otú a, a na-enye ihe atụ nyocha iji duga onye na-agụ ya na nkwubi okwu nke ọdịdị n'ozuzu ya. Nke a bụ usoro inductive. Ụzọ abụọ ahụ dabara adaba ma nwee ike jikọta ya.

Comprehensive (holistic) analysis otd. na-arụ ọrụ - akụkụ dị mkpa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na stylistic. nnyocha, ngosi nke mgbe niile na-emepe emepe stylistic. ụkpụrụ, atụmatụ nke otu nat. omenala, yana otu n'ime ụzọ isi guzobe usoro egwu izugbe dị mkpa ma dị mkpa. ikpe. N'ụdị dị nkenke karịa, ọ na-aghọ akụkụ nke monoographic. nyocha raara nye otu onye na-ede ihe. Enwere ụdị pụrụ iche nke mgbagwoju anya (holistic), nke na-enye ihe ịchọ mma n'ozuzu ya. nyocha nke mmepụta na-enweghị mimi n'ime nyocha ga-egosipụta. pụtara, ụdị ụdị, wdg. Enwere ike ịkpọ nyocha dị otú ahụ dị egwu-aesthetic. nyocha nke ọrụ. Na echiche dị otú ahụ nke egwu. prod. nyocha kwesịrị ekwesị na nkatọ nwere njikọ chiri anya na mgbe ụfọdụ na-abanye n'ime.

Ọrụ pụtara ìhè na mmepe nke sayensị. usoro A. m. n'ala nke 1st. narị afọ nke 19 na-egwuri ya. Ọkà mmụta egwu AB Marx (1795-1866). Akwụkwọ ya Ludwig Beethoven. Ndụ na Ọrụ" ("Ludwig van Beethovens Leben und Schaffen", 1859-1875) bụ otu n'ime ihe atụ mbụ nke monographs, gụnyere nyocha zuru ezu nke muses. prod.

X. Riemann (1849-1919), dabere n'echiche ya nke nkwekọ, mita, ụdị, mere ka echiche ahụ dịkwuo omimi. usoro nyocha egwu. prod. Na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ nkịtị, Otú ọ dị, ọ kewaghị nkà na ụzụ na aesthetics. atụmatụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Riemann nwere ọrụ nyocha ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka "Nduzi na Fugue Composition" ("Handbuch der Fugen-Kompositionen", Bd I-III, 1890-94, vol. I na II na-etinye aka na "Ezigbo-ewe iwe Clavier", vol. III – “The Art of the Fugue” nke JS Bach dere), “Beethoven's Bow Quartets” (“Beethvens Streichquartette”, 1903), “All solo piano sonatas nke L. van Beethoven, ihe ịchọ mma. na teknuzu nkịtị. nyocha na okwu akụkọ ihe mere eme” (“L. van Beethovens sämtliche Klavier-Solosonaten, ästhetische und formal-technische Analyze mit historischen Notizen”, 1918-1919), isiokwu. nyocha nke 6th symphony na egwu egwu "Manfred" site na Tchaikovsky.

N'ime ọrụ ndị mepụtara usoro iwu na ihe ịchọ mma. usoro nyocha nke ọrụ egwu. na Western Europe musicology, anyị nwere ike ịkpọ ọrụ G. Kretschmar (1848-1924) "Nduzi na concerts" ("Führer durch Konzertsaal", 1887-90); monograph nke A. Schweitzer (1875-1965) “IS Bach “(”JS Bach “, 1908), ebe prod. A na-atụle onye na-ede egwú na ịdị n'otu nke akụkụ atọ nke nyocha - usoro ihe ọmụma, aesthetic. na ịrụ ọrụ; monograph nke dị mpịakọta atọ nke P. Becker (1882-1937) “Beethoven” (“Beethoven”, 1911), bụ́ nke onye ode akwụkwọ na-enyocha symphonies na piano. sonatas nke nnukwu onye na-ede egwú dabere na "echiche uri" ha; akwụkwọ nke X. Leuchtentritt (1874-1951) "Nkuzi banyere Musical Ụdị" ("Musikalische Formenlehre", 1911) na nke ya ọrụ "Analysis of Chopin's Piano Works" ("Analyse der Chopin'schen Klavierwerke", 1921-22), na -Roy elu sayensị-usoro iwu. A na-ejikọta ọkwa nyocha na njirimara ihe atụ na-adọrọ mmasị na aesthetics. ogo; nke nwere ọtụtụ nyocha aghụghọ nke ọrụ E. Kurt (1886-1946) "Romantic Harmony and Its Crisis in Wagner's Tristan" ("Romantische Harmonik und ihre Krise na Wagners"Tristan", 1920) na "Bruckner" (Bd 1- 2, 1925). N'ime ọmụmụ nke A. Lorenz (1868-1939) "The Secret of Form in Wagner" ("Das Geheimnis der Form bei Richard Wagner", 1924-33), dabere na nyocha zuru ezu nke Wagner's operas, ụdị ọhụrụ nke ụdị na ha ngalaba na-guzobere (synthesizing ogbo na music regularities nke "poetic-musical oge", "dochie akụkụ").

Ọrụ nke R. Rolland (1866–1944) nwere ebe pụrụ iche na mmepe nka atomic. Otu n'ime ha bụ ọrụ "Beethoven. Nnukwu oge okike” (“Beethoven. Les grandes epoques cryatrices”, 1928-45). N'ịtụle egwu egwu Beethoven, sonatas na opera na ya, R. Rolland na-emepụta ụdị nyocha. usoro ejikọtara ya na uri, mkpakọrịta agụmagụ, ihe atụ na ịgafe usoro egwu egwu siri ike kwupụta nkọwa uri n'efu nke echiche na usoro ihe atụ nke mmepụta. Usoro a na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na mmepe nke A. m. ma na West na karịsịa na USSR.

Na Russian oge gboo musicology nke 19th narị afọ. elu omume nke ọha mmadụ. echiche na-emetụta n'ụzọ doro anya na ubi nke A. m. Mgbalị ndị Rus. E zigara ndị ọkà mmụta egwu na ndị nkatọ ka ha kwado tesis: onye ọ bụla mus. prod. kere maka ikwupụta otu echiche, na-ebuga ụfọdụ echiche na mmetụta. AD Ulybyshev (1794-1858), nke mbụ Rus. Onye edemede egwu, onye edemede nke ọrụ “The New Biography of Mozart” (“Nouvelle biographie de Mozart…”, akụkụ 1-3, 1843) na “Beethoven, ndị nkatọ ya na ndị ntụgharị okwu” (“Beethoven, ses critiques et ses glossateurs”), 1857), onye hapụrụ akara ngosi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke dị oke egwu. echiche. Akwụkwọ abụọ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ nyocha, akara egwu dị egwu na ịma mma. na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ihe atụ mbụ nke monographs na Europe na-ejikọta ihe akụkọ ndụ na nyocha. Otu n'ime ndị nchọpụta mbụ nke Russia bụ ndị tụgharịrị na obodo nna. music art-woo, VF Odoevsky (1804-69), na-abụghị a theoretician, nyere na ya oké egwu na nta akụkọ ọrụ aesthetic. ịkọwa pl. mmepụta, ch. arr. operas nke Glinka. Ọrụ nke VF Lenz (1809-83) "Beethoven na ụdị atọ ya" ("Beethoven et ses trois styles", 1852) na "Beethoven. Nyocha nke ihe odide ya" ("Beethoven. Eine Kunst-Studie", 1855-60) enwebeghị ihe ọ pụtara ruo taa.

AN Serov (1820-71) - onye nchoputa nke usoro isiokwu. analysis na Russian musicology. Na edemede The Role of One Motif in the Whore Opera A Life for the Tsar (1859), na-eji ihe atụ egwu, Serov na-enyocha nguzobe nke isiokwu nke ikpeazụ chorus Ebube. Onye edemede jikọtara nhazi nke isiokwu a-anthem na maturation nke isi. echiche opera ịhụ mba n'anya. Isiokwu "Thematism of the Leonora Overture" (ihe ọmụmụ gbasara Beethoven, 1861) na-enyocha njikọ dị n'etiti thematicism nke Beethoven's overture na opera ya. Na isiokwu "Beethoven's itoolu Symphony, Ọdịdị ya na Pụtara" (1868), echiche nke nwayọọ guzobe nke ikpeazụ isiokwu ọṅụ. A na-agbanwe agbanwe analysis nke ọrụ Glinka na Dargomyzhsky na isiokwu "A Life for the Tsar" na "Ruslan na Lyudmila" (1860), "Ruslan na Ruslanists" (1867), "Mermaid" Dargomyzhsky (1856). . Ịdị n'otu nke mmepe nke nkà. echiche na ụzọ nke ọdịdị ya - ihe. ụkpụrụ nke usoro Serov, nke ghọrọ isi nkuku nke ikwiikwii. theoretical musicology.

N'ime akụkọ ndị dị egwu nke PI Tchaikovsky, a na-enye ebe a ma ama na nyocha nke muses. mmepụta, rụrụ na dị iche iche concert Ụlọ Nzukọ na Moscow na mbubreyo 70s. Narị afọ 19 N'etiti ndị ọkụ. Ihe nketa nke NA Rimsky-Korsakov pụtara maka isiokwu ya. nyocha nke onwe opera The Snow Maiden (ed. 1911, nke e bipụtara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ed.: NA Rimsky-Korsakov, Anakọtara Ọrụ, Akwụkwọ Ọrụ na Nkwukọrịta, vol. IV, M., 1960). Nyocha nke edemede nke onwe na nyocha nke mmepụta. Ndị ọzọ na-ede egwú dịkwa na Rimsky-Korsakov's Chronicle of My Musical Life (nke e bipụtara na 1909). Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke na-akpali theoretical okwu. na njirimara nyocha dị na akwụkwọ ozi SI Taneev na PI Tchaikovsky. Sayensị dị elu na usoro iwu. Ihe dị mkpa bụ nkọwa zuru ezu nke Taneyev nke tonal na thematic. mmepe na ụfọdụ Beethoven sonatas (na akwụkwọ ozi onye dere NN Amani na a pụrụ iche ọrụ "Analysis of modulations na Beethoven's sonatas").

Nkà nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta egwú na ndị nkatọ na-aga n'ihu nke Russia, bụ ndị malitere ọrụ ha n'oge oge mgbanwe, pụtara mgbe Great October Revolution gasịrị. onye na-elekọta mmadụ. mgbanwe. BL Yavorsky (1877-1942), onye okike nke tiori nke modal rhythm, webatara ọtụtụ ihe ọhụrụ n'ime nyocha mgbagwoju anya (holistic). O nwere nyocha nke ọrụ AN Scriabin na JS Bach na ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Na nzukọ ọmụmụ na Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, ọkà mmụta sayensị nyochara njikọ dị n'etiti preludes na fugues nke mkpokọta a na cantatas na, dabere na nyocha nke ederede nke ikpeazụ, bịara na nkwubi okwu mbụ banyere ọdịnaya nke preludes na fugues.

Mmepe nke usoro sayensị A. m. nyere aka na 20s. mmemme mmụta na sayensị nke GL Catoire (1861-1926) na GE Konyus (1862-1933). N'agbanyeghị otu-sidedness na nkà mmụta sayensị ọnọdụ (atụ, tiori metrotectonism Konus, ikwubiga okwu ókè nke formative ọrụ nke mita na Catoire okwu okwu), ha usoro iwu. Ọrụ ndị ahụ nwere nleba anya bara uru ma nye aka na mmepe nke echiche nyocha.

A. m. na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ nke BV Asafiev (1884-1949). N'ime nchọpụta nyocha ya kachasị ama - "Symphonic Etudes" (1922), nwere nyocha nke ọtụtụ ndị Russia. operas na ballets (gụnyere opera The Queen of Spades), akwụkwọ Eugene Onegin nke Tchaikovsky (1944), na-amụ Glinka (1947), nke ngalaba raara nye. nyocha nke opera "Ruslan na Lyudmila" na "Kamarinskaya". N'ezie ọhụrụ bụ echiche Asafiev nke intonation. ọdịdị egwu. N'ime ọrụ ya ọ na-esiri ike ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti oge usoro iwu. na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Synthesis nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na usoro iwu mmalite bụ uru sayensị kachasị ukwuu nke Asafiev. Ọrụ kachasị mma nke Asafiev nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmepe nke ụzọ egwu. Akwụkwọ ya Musical Form as a Process (akụkụ 1-2, 1930 na 1947) rụrụ ọrụ pụrụ iche, na-emechi echiche na-amị mkpụrụ n'akụkụ abụọ nke egwu. ụdị - dị ka usoro na dị ka crystallized pụta; banyere ụdị ụdị dịka ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi - ọdịiche na njirimara; banyere ọrụ atọ nke mmepe - mkpali, mmegharị na mmecha, banyere mgbanwe ha mgbe niile.

Mmepe nke A. m. na USSR e gosipụtara ma na pụrụ iche. nyocha, na n'ọrụ dịka akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na ihe enyemaka nkuzi. N'akwụkwọ LA Mazel "Fantasy f-moll Chopin. Ahụmahụ nke Analysis" (1937) dabere na nyocha zuru ezu nke egwu a. ọrụ setịpụrụ ọtụtụ stylistic nkịtị. iwu nke ọrụ Chopin, nsogbu ndị dị mkpa nke usoro nke A. m. na-etinye n'ihu. Na ọrụ nke otu onye edemede "On Melody" (1952), e mepụtara ihe pụrụ iche. usoro melodic. nyocha.

VA Zukkerman n'ọrụ ya "Kamarinskaya" nke Glinka na omenala ya na egwu Rọshịa (1957) na-ewepụta usoro ọhụrụ dị mkpa gbasara ihe mejupụtara. atụmatụ nke Russian nar. abụ na ụkpụrụ nke mmepe dị iche iche. Usoro iwu dị mkpa. n'ozuzu nwere akwụkwọ nke Vl. V. Protopopov "Ivan Susanin" Glinka "(1961). Ọ bụ nke mbụ chepụtara echiche nke "ụdị mgbagwoju anya" (lee ụdị egwu). Ebipụtara na Sat. Edemede "Frederic Chopin" (1960) "Ihe ndetu na Asụsụ egwu Chopin" nke VA Zukkerman, "Ụfọdụ atụmatụ nke Chopin's Free Form Composition" nke LA Mazel na "Ụzọ Mgbanwe nke Thematic Development na Chopin's Music" nke Vl. V. Protopopov na-agba akaebe na ọkwa dị elu nke A. m., nke ndị ọkà mmụta egwú Soviet nwetara.

A. m. A na-eji ya eme ihe mgbe niile na nkuzi na nkuzi. omume. Ọmụmụ nke nke ọ bụla n'ime isiokwu nke egwu-theoretical. okirikiri (elementary music tiori, solfeggio, kwekọrọ, polyphony, instrumentation) mejupụtara atọ ngalaba: tiori nke isiokwu, bara uru. ọrụ na nyocha nke egwu. prod. ma ọ bụ ihe odide. Na usoro nke elementrị tiori nke music analytic. ngalaba bụ nyocha nke ihe kachasị mfe nke egwu. na-arụ ọrụ - ụda olu, nha, nchịkọta n'ime ụlọ mmanya, ike. na agogic. ndo, wdg; na solfeggio N'ezie - auditory analysis nke etiti oge, size, chords, deviations na modulations n'ime obere iberibe music. mmepụta; na nkuzi nke nkwekọrịta, polyphony, ngwá ọrụ - nyocha nke nkà kwekọrọ na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke usoro ọmụmụ. samples (nyocha nke ngwá ọrụ - lee Instrumentation). Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na akwụkwọ ntuziaka gbasara isiokwu ndị a nwere akụkụ nke profaịlụ nyocha; enwere akwụkwọ ntuziaka dị iche iche maka harmonica. na polyphonic. nyocha.

N'oge tupu mgbanwe mgbanwe na n'afọ ndị mbụ mgbe mgbanwe ahụ e nwere isiokwu "Analysis of muses. ụdị", nke e belatara na nkọwa nke ihe mejupụtara. ụdị egwu na-arụ ọrụ site n'iwebata ya n'okpuru otu n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ a kpaara ókè nke atụmatụ dị n'ime akwụkwọ ọgụgụ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-akwụ obere nlebara anya n'ụzọ na-egosipụta, usoro nke mmepe isiokwu. Na Russia, akwụkwọ ọgụgụ mbụ nke chọtara ngwa n'ime ọmụmụ nke ụdị egwu bụ ọrụ "Theory of Music" nke G. Hess de Calve (1818), "Akwụkwọ Ozi na Composition" nke I. Fuchs (1830) na "Nduzi zuru ezu na Idepụta egwu” nke IK Gunke (1859-63). Na 1883-84, nsụgharị Russian nke akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke Ụdị Music Instrumental (Musikalische Formenlehre, 1878) nke German musicologist L. Busler pụtara, na 1901 - akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke onye nyocha Bekee E. Prout, bipụtara na mpịakọta abụọ n'okpuru aha Musical. Ụdị (Ụdị egwu, 1891, nsụgharị Russian 1900) na "Forms Applied" ("Forms Applied", 1895, Russian translation bg).

Site na ọrụ Russian. ọnụ ọgụgụ egwu pụtara ìhè: AS Arensky's akwụkwọ ọgụgụ "Nduzi na-amụ nke Ụdị Ngwá Ọrụ na Vocal Music" (1893-94), nke dị n'ime a abịakọrọ na mfe ụdị nkọwa nke isi music ụdị; ọmụmụ nke GL Catoire "Form Music" (akụkụ 1-2, 1934-36), nke na 30s. A na-ejikwa ya dị ka akwụkwọ ọgụgụ maka ndị ọkà mmụta egwu.

Ihe ịga nke ọma na mmepe nke nkà mmụta egwu ụlọ mgbe Great October Revolution nyere aka n'ịgba ifuru ngwa ngwa nke ozizi egwu. ụdị. Nke a mere ka e nwee ngbanwe nke usoro ọdịnala nke A.m. Ọhụrụ N'ezie e kere na 30s. ndị prọfesọ nke Moscow Conservatory VA Zukkerman, LA Mazel, I. Ya. Ryzhkin; na Leningrad Conservatory, ọrụ yiri nke ahụ VV Shcherbachev, Yu. N. Tyulin, na BA Arapov. Usoro mmụta a dabere na ahụmịhe chịkọbara site na usoro egwu egwu na mpaghara niile na, nke mbụ, na ọmụmụ ụdị egwu.

N'ihi ya, ohere nke nkuzi nkuzi gara aga gbasaa nke ukwuu, ma ya onwe ya bulitere n'ọkwa sayensị dị elu. ogbo – ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya kachasị bụ nyocha zuru oke (nke zuru oke).

Ọrụ ọhụrụ ndị edobere n'oge A.m. chọrọ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na ihe enyemaka nkuzi, na-aga n'ihu na sayensị. mmepe nke usoro nyocha. Ugbua na mbụ ikwiikwii. akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, ezubere maka izugbe ọmụmụ nke A. m., - akwụkwọ nke IV Sposobina "Musical Ụdị" (1947), na a Ịhazi usoro. A na-ewere usoro awara awara. pụtara na n'ụzọ zuru oke na-ekpuchi isi ihe niile. ụdị. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ SS Skrebkov "Analysis of Musical ọrụ" (1958) nwere usoro iwu. ọnọdụ ndị na-enye ọrụ a njirimara nke ọmụmụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nyocha nke mmepe intra-thematic na akụkụ ọhụrụ nke ịghọta "sonata" dị ka ụkpụrụ dị egwu). Na akaụntụ. Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ LA Mazel "The Structure of Musical Works" (1960) mepụtara echiche ọhụrụ nke oge ahụ, na-achikota ahụmahụ nke nghọta na-arụ ọrụ nke ụdị a (a na-ewere nzọụkwụ mbụ na ntụziaka a na ọrụ E. Prout na GL Catoire). ), echiche nke ụdị agwakọtara, nke E. Prout chepụtara. Na 1965, n'okpuru nchịkọta akụkọ izugbe nke Yu. N. Tyulin bipụtara akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Leningrad. ndị dere "Form Music". Dị ka okwu na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. ụkpụrụ, ọ dị nnọọ iche na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ Moscow. ndị na-ede akwụkwọ (maka ọdịiche ndị a, lee isiokwu egwu ụdị).

Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke LA Mazel na VA Zuckerman "Nnyocha nke Ọrụ egwu" maka ngalaba egwu egwu nke conservatories (Isi nke 1, 1967) chịkọtara akụ na ụba nke ahụmahụ bara uru. na ọrụ sayensị gbakọtara site n'aka ndị dere ya.

Ọrụ nke ndị na-egwu egwu na-enye aka n'ịkwalite ma usoro nyocha nke egwu n'onwe ya na usoro nyocha nke ọrụ egwu.

References: Serov A., Thematism nke overture na opera "Leonora", "Neue Zeitschrift für Musik", 1861; Russian kwa. — Akụkọ dị egwu, vol. 3, SPB, 1895; P. Tchaikovsky, ndetu egwu na ndetu (1868-1876), M., 1898; perezd., M., 1953; Asafiev B. V., Overture Ruslan na Lyudmila Glinka, “Egwu. akụkọ ihe mere eme", Sat. II, P., 1923; nke ya, Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, “Egwu. akụkọ ihe mere eme", Sat. III, L., 1926; nke ya, Chopin's Mazurka, “SM”, 1947, Mba 7; Belyaev V., "Nnyocha nke modulations na Beethoven's sonatas" S. NA. Taneeva, na: Akwụkwọ Rọshịa banyere Beethoven, M., 1927; Mazel L., Chopin's Fantasy in f-moll (ahụmahụ nyocha), M., 1937, n'akwụkwọ: Nnyocha na Chopin, M., 1971; ya, Aesthetics na Analysis, "SM", 1966, Mba 12; Akwụkwọ ozi sitere na S. NA. Taneeva na N. N. Amani, “SM”, 1940, Mba 7; Zuckerman V., Ụdị nyocha nke holistic, "SM", 1967, Mba 4; Kholopov Yu., Egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ n'oge nyocha nke ọrụ egwu, na: Usoro ndetu na nkuzi egwu, M., 1966; Arzamanov F., N'ịkụzi usoro nyocha nke ọrụ egwu, na Sat: Ajụjụ nke ụzọ nkuzi nke egwu egwu na usoro iwu, M., 1967; Pags Yu., Na nyocha nke oge, ibid .; Ulybyschew A. D., Akụkọ ndụ ọhụrụ nke Mozart, Moscow, 1843; russ. kwa., M., 1890-92; Richter E. Bro. E., Akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke ụdị egwu egwu na nyocha ha, Lpz., 1852; Lenz W., Beethoven et ses trois ụdị, v. 1-2, St. Petersburg, 1852, Brussels, 1854, P., 1855; Marx A. В., Ndụ na ọrụ Ludwig van Beethoven, vol. 1 2, В., 1911; Riemann H., Usoro nhazi usoro nke modulation dị ka ndabere nke usoro egwu ụdị, Hamb., 1887, рyc. ọkọlọtọ, СПБ, 1896; Kretzschmar H., Nduzi site na ụlọ egwu egwu, vols. 1-3, Lpz., 1887-90; Nagel W., Beethoven na piano sonatas ya, vols. 1-2, Langensalza, 1903-05, 1933; Schweitzer A., ​​Johann Sebastian Bach, Lpz., 1908 na переизд., рус. kwa, M., 1965; Bekker P., Beethoven, V., 1911 na mbipụta ọzọ, Russian. kwa, M., 1913-15; Riemann H., L. van Beethoven zuru piano solo sonatas. Nleba anya nke ọma na usoro nka na ndetu akụkọ ihe mere eme, vols. 1-3, В., 1920; Кurth E., Nkwekọrịta ịhụnanya na nsogbu ya na Wagner's "Tristan", Bern - Lpz., 1920, В., 1923; Leiсhtentritt H., Nyocha ọrụ piano Chopin, vols. 1-2, В., 1921-22; Rolland R., Beethoven. Les grandes epoques cryatrices, P., 1928-45 na mbipụta ọzọ, Russian. kwa. 1938 na 1957-58; Schenker H., Echiche egwu na echiche efu ọhụrụ, III, W., 1935, 1956; Tovey D Fr., Essays na nyocha egwu egwu, 1-6, L., 1935-39; Grabner H., akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nke nyocha egwu, Lpz., (o. J.); Federhofer H., Ntụnye aka na nyocha gestalt egwu, Graz, 1950; Gьldenstein G., Nyocha nke sịntetik, «Schweizerische Musikzeitung», XCVI, 1956; Fucks W., Analysis Mathematical Analysis of the Formal Structure of Music, Cologne - Bulite, 1958; Cone E. T., Nyocha taa, «MQ», XLVI, 1960; Goldschmidt H., Na usoro nke nyocha egwu egwu, в кн.: Onyinye maka egwu egwu, Vol III, No 4, В., 1961; Коlneder W., Nleba anya na nlele anya, в кн.: Mgbanwe nke ịnụ ihe egwu, В., 1962; Ụzọ ọhụrụ nke nyocha egwu. Onyinye asatọ nke L. U. Abraham wdg, В., 1967; Mgbalị na nyocha egwu. Onyinye asaa P. Benary, S. Borris, D. de la Motte, H. Nwunye, H.-P. Reis na R. Stephan, В., 1967; Motte D. de la, nyocha egwu, egwu ederede na mpempe akwụkwọ, vols. 1-2, Kassel – N. Y., 1968.

Onye isi ala Bobrovsky