Gita – ihe niile gbasara ngwa egwu

Guta bụ ngwá egwú e ji ụdọ dọpụta , otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị agbasa n'ụwa . A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-eso ma ọ bụ solo ngwa n'ọtụtụ ụdị egwu na ntụziaka egwu, ịbụ ngwá ọrụ bụ isi na ụdị egwu dị ka blues, obodo, flamenco, rock- music, mgbe ụfọdụ jazz, wdg. Mepụtara na narị afọ nke 20, ọkụ eletrik. guitar nwere mmetụta siri ike na omenala ndị a ma ama.

A na-akpọ onye na-egwu guitar a guitarist. Onye na-eme ma na-arụzi ụbọ akwara ka a na-akpọ a guitar egwu or luthier ^[1].

Akụkọ nke guitar

Mmalite

Ihe akaebe izizi dị ndụ nke ngwa ụdọ nwere ahụ na olu na-emegharị ahụ, ndị nna ochie nke guitar ọgbara ọhụrụ, malitere na narị afọ nke abụọ BC.^[2] A hụrụ ihe oyiyi nke kinnor (ngwa Sumerian - Babilọn, nke a kpọtụrụ aha na akụkọ ifo nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ) na ụrọ bas-reliefs n'oge nchọpụta ihe ochie na Mesopotemia. A makwaara ngwa ndị yiri ya na Egypt oge ochie na India: nabla, nefer, zither na Egypt, veena na sitar na India. Na Gris oge ochie na Rome ngwá ọrụ cithara na-ewu ewu.

Ndị bu ya ụzọ jiri ụbọ akwara nwere elongated gburugburu oghere na-emegharị ahụ na ogologo olu nwere eriri gbatịpụrụ na ya. A na-eme ahụ ahụ n'otu akụkụ - site na ugu akpọnwụ akpọnwụ , shei mbe, ma ọ bụ kpochapu ya site na otu osisi. Na III - IV narị afọ AD. e. na China, ruan (ma ọ bụ yuan) ^[3] na yueqin ^[4] ngwá ọrụ pụtara , nke a na-ejikọta ahụ osisi ahụ site na ụda ụda elu na nke dị ala na akụkụ ndị na-ejikọta ha. Na Europe , nke a mere ka ewebata guitar Latin na Moorish gburugburu narị afọ nke isii . Mgbe e mesịrị, na XV - XVI narị afọ, ngwá ọrụ pụtaravihuela , na-enwekwa mmetụta n'ịkpụzi ihe owuwu nke guitar ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Mmalite nke aha

Okwu a bu "guitar" sitere na nchikota nke okwu abuo: okwu Sanskrit "sangita" nke putara "egwu" na Old Persian "tar" nke putara "eriri". Dịka nsụgharị ọzọ si kwuo, okwu ahụ bụ "guitar" sitere na okwu Sanskrit "kutur", nke pụtara "ụdọ anọ" (cf. setar - eriri atọ). Ka ụbọ akwara na-agbasa site na Central Asia site na Gris gaa n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Europe, okwu ahụ bụ "guitar" gbanwere: "cithara (ϰιθάϱα)" na Gris oge ochie, Latin "cithara", "guitarra" na Spain, "chitarra" na Ịtali, "guitare". " na France, "guitar" na England, na n'ikpeazụ, "guitar" na Russia. Aha "guitar" pụtara na mbụ na akwụkwọ ochie nke Europe na narị afọ nke 13 . ^[5]

Spanish guitar

Na Middle Ages, isi etiti maka mmepe nke guitar bụ Spain, ebe guitar sitere na Rome oge ochie ( guitar Latin ) na ọnụ na ndị Arab meriri ( Guta Moorish ). Na narị afọ nke 15 , guitar mepụtara na Spain nke nwere eriri abụọ abụọ (eriri mbụ nwere ike ịbụ otu) ghọrọ ebe niile. A na-akpọ guitar ndị dị otú ahụ Ndị egwu Spanish . Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke narị afọ nke 18, guitar Spanish, na usoro evolushọn, na-enweta otu eriri 6 na ọtụtụ akụkọ nke ọrụ, nke nguzobe ya nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu. Ịtali na-ede egwú na virtuoso guitarist Mauro Giuliani.

guitar Russian

Ụbọ akwara bịara Rọshịa obere oge, mgbe a mara ya na Europe kemgbe narị afọ ise. Ma egwu Western niile malitere ịbanye na Russia naanị na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 17 na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 18. ^[6] . guitar nwetara ebe siri ike maka ndị na-ede egwú na ndị na-egwu Ịtali bụ ndị rutere Russia na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 17, bụ Giuseppe Sarti na Carlo Canobbio . Oge ụfọdụ ka e mesịrị, na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19, guitar wusiri ọnọdụ ya ike na Russia n'ihi Marcus Aurelius Zani de Ferranti , bụ onye rutere St. Petersburg na 1821, mgbe ahụ Mauro Giuliani na Fernando Sor mere njem nleta. Sor, na-ahapụ nwunye ballerina ya na Moscow, bụ onye ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na-egwu egwú Russia, raara otu egwu egwu maka guitar a na-akpọ "Echeta nke Russia" na njem na Russia. A na-eme ihe nkiri a ugbu a ^[6] . Nikolai Petrovich Makarov ^[6] bụ onye na-agụ egwú Rọshịa mbụ pụtara ìhè na-akpọ ụbọ akwara isii . Na Russia, na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 18 na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 19, nsụgharị asaa nke Spanish guitar ghọrọ ihe a ma ama, karịsịa n'ihi ọrụ nke onye na-agụ egwú nkà na onye na-agụ egwú virtuoso Andrei Sikhra nke dịrị ndụ n'oge ahụ, bụ onye dere. ihe karịrị otu puku na-arụ ọrụ maka ngwá ọrụ a, nke a na-akpọ "gita Russia".

Oge gboo guitar

N'ime narị afọ nke 18 - 19th, imewe nke guitar Spanish na-enwe mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama, ndị nna ukwu na-anwale nha na ọdịdị nke ahụ, ntinye olu, nhazi nke usoro peg, na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, na narị afọ nke 19, onye Spain na-emepụta guitar Antonio Torres nyere guitar ahụ ọdịdị na nha ọgbara ọhụrụ ya. Guita nke Torres mere ka a na-akpọ taa oge gboo gita . Onye na-agụ egwú a ma ama n'oge ahụ bụ onye na-ede egwú Spanish na onye na-agụ egwú Francisco Tarrega , bụ onye tọrọ ntọala maka usoro oge ochie nke ịkụ egwu. Na narị afọ nke 20, onye na-ede egwú Spanish, onye na-agụ egwú na onye nkụzi Andres Segovia nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya.

Igwe ọkụ eletriki

Na narị afọ nke 20, n'ihe metụtara ọbịbịa nke nkwalite eletrik na teknụzụ nhazi ụda, ụdị guitar ọhụrụ pụtara - guitar. N'afọ 1936, Georges Beauchamp na Adolphe Rickenbecker, bụ ndị guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Rickenbacker, kwadoro guitar eletrik mbụ ya na magnetik pickups na ahụ ígwè (nke a na-akpọ "frying pan"). Na mmalite afọ 1950, ndị injinia America na onye ọchụnta ego Leo Fender, na onye injinia na onye na-agụ egwú Les Paul na-anọghị onwe ya, ha na-emepụta guitar eletrik nwere ahụ osisi siri ike, nke na-agbanwebeghị agbanwe agbanwe ruo taa. Onye na-eme ihe kacha emetụta na guitar eletrik bụ (dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ Rolling Stone si kwuo) onye egwu America bụ Jimi Hendrix onye biri na etiti narị afọ nke 20. ^[7] .

Gita mejupụtara

Dịka ngwa egwu ọ bụla, guitar nwere akụkụ dị iche iche. Ọ dị ka foto dị n'okpuru ebe a. Ọdịdị nke guitar gụnyere: bọọdụ ụda, akị, akụkụ, olu, mkpọ, nut, aku, frets, oghere resonator na njide.

Ọdịdị nke guitar n'ozuzu ka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru

Gịnị bụ ihe ọ bụla mmewere (akụkụ) maka?

Saddle na-eje ozi dị ka ugwu maka eriri: a na-edozi ha ebe ahụ na cartridges pụrụ iche, ebe njedebe nke eriri na-abanye n'ime guitar.

The oche bụ n'ihu na azụ nke guitar, echere m na ihe niile doro anya ebe a na agbanyeghị. Shei bụ akụkụ njikọ nke ihu na azụ azụ, ọ na-eme ka ahụ ya.

Olu nwere sills. Mkpụrụ - protrusions na fretboard. A na-akpọ ebe dị anya n'etiti aku fret. Mgbe ha na-ekwu "mkpasu iwe mbụ" - ọ pụtara na ha pụtara na anya n'etiti headstock na mbụ nut.

   
                 fret nut - anya n'etiti aku

Banyere fretboard - ị ga-ama jijiji ugbu a, mana enwere ụbọ akwara nwere olu abụọ ozugbo!

Pegs nzigharị bụ akụkụ dị n'èzí nke usoro ahụ nke na-agbatị (na-atọpụ) eriri. Na-atụgharị mkpọ n'iji ya gee ntị, anyị na-akụ ụbọ ahụ, mee ka ọ dị mma.

Oghere resonator bụ oghere nke guitar, ihe dịka ebe aka nri anyị dị mgbe a na-akpọ ụbọ. N'ezie, ibu ụda nke guitar, otú ahụ ka ụda ya dị omimi (mana nke a dị anya site na isi ihe na-achọpụta àgwà ụda).

Odika nkọwapụta

• Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke frets - site na 19 (kpochapụwo) ruo 27 (electro)
• Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke eriri - site na 4 ruo 14
• Mensura - site na 0.5 m ruo 0.8 m
• Akụkụ 1.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.2 m
• Ibu - site na> 1 (acoustic) ruo ≈15 n'arọ

Nhazi nke gita

Enwere ike ekewa ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ụdị guitar dị ugbu a dịka usoro ndị a si dị:

• guitar Acoustic – guitar na-ada ụda site n'enyemaka nke anụ ahụ emere n'ụdị resonator ụda olu.
• Gita eletrọnịkị – ụbọ akwara na-ada site na nkwuwapụta ọkụ eletrik na mmeputakwa nke mgbama nke ewepụtara na eriri na-ama jijiji site na mbuli elu.
• Semi-acoustic guitar (electro-acoustic guitar) - ngwakọta nke ụda ụda na ọkụ eletrik, mgbe na mgbakwunye na ahụ ụda oghere, a na-enyekwa pickups na nhazi ahụ.
• Gita resonator (ịta resonant ma ọ bụ resonant) bụ ụdị ụbọ akwara nke a na-eji igwe na-emegharị ụda igwe arụnyere n'ime ahụ iji welie olu.
• Gita synthesizer (MIDI guitar) bụ ụbọ akwara emebere ka ejiri ya mee ihe dị ka ngwa ntinye maka synthesizer ụda.

Site na imewe akwa

• guitar oge gboo – ụbọ akwara isii nke Antonio Torres mere (narị afọ XIX).
• Ụbọ akwara bụ ụbọ akwara isii nke emebere ka ọ were eriri igwe.
• Flattop bụ guitar ndị mmadụ nwere elu dị larịị.
• Archtop bụ egwu egwu ma ọ bụ ọkara-acoustic guitar nwere convex n'ihu soundboard na f-shaped resonator oghere (efs) dị n'akụkụ ọnụ nke soundboard. N'ozuzu, ahụ nke guitar dị otú ahụ yiri violin gbasaa. Mepụtara na 1920 site na Gibson.
• Dreadnought – guitar ndị mmadụ nwere ahụ buru ibu nke ụdị “rectangular” nwere njirimara. Ọ nwere ụbara olu ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke kpochapụwo na oke nke ihe ndị na-eme obere oge na timbre. Mepụtara na 1920 site na Martin.
• Jumbo bụ ụdị egwu egwu agbasawanye, nke Gibson mepụtara na 1937 wee bụrụ onye ama ama n'etiti ndị na-egwu egwu obodo na nkume.
• Western – acoustic ma ọ bụ electro-acoustic guitar, ihe e ji mara ndị dị otú ahụ gita aghọwo a cutout n'okpuru ikpeazụ frets iji mee ka ọ dị mfe dị ka o kwere omume ịnweta ndị a kasị ikpeazụ frets.

Site nso

• guitar oge niile - site na D (mi) nke nnukwu octave ruo C (re) nke octave nke atọ. Iji typewriter (Floyd Rose) na-enye gị ohere ịgbasa oke n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ. Ogologo nke guitar dị ihe dịka 4 octaves.
• guitar Bass bụ ụbọ akwara nwere ụda dị ala, na-abụkarị otu octave dị ala karịa ụbọ akwara. Fender mepụtara na 1950s.
• Gita tenor bụ ụbọ akwara anọ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpụmkpụ, oke na nlegharị anya banjo.
• guitar baritone bụ ụbọ akwara nwere ogologo ogologo karịa ụbọ akwara, nke na-enye ohere ka ọ na-ege ya na ụda dị ala. Danelectro chepụtara na 1950s.

Site na ọnụnọ nke frets

• Ụbọ akwara oge niile bụ ụbọ akwara na-akpasu iwe ma na-emegharị ya maka ịkpọ egwu n'otu oge.
• Ụbọ akwara na-adịghị agwụ agwụ bụ ụbọ na-enweghị nkụja. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịwepụ ụda nke ụda aka ike site na oke nke guitar, yana mgbanwe dị mma na ụda ụda nke amịpụtara. Gita bas na-enweghị Fretless na-adịkarị.
• Gita mmịfe (guitar slide) - guitar e mere iji jiri ihe mmịfe gwuo egwu, n'ụdị guitar ahụ, ụda ahụ na-agbanwe nke ọma site n'enyemaka nke ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche - ihe mmịfe nke a na-ebugharị n'akụkụ eriri.

Site na obodo (ebe) sitere

• Ụbọ akwara Spanish bụ ụbọ akwara isii pụtara na Spain na narị afọ nke 13-15.
• Ụbọ akwara Rọshịa bụ ụbọ akwara asaa nke pụtara na Russia na narị afọ nke 18-19.
• Ukulele bụ guitar slide nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ "ịgha ụgha", ya bụ, ahụ nke guitar na-adakwasị n'apata guitarist ma ọ bụ na nkwụnye pụrụ iche, ebe onye na-agụ guitar na-anọdụ n'oche ma ọ bụ guzoro n'akụkụ guitar dị ka na okpokoro.

Site n'ụdị egwu

• guitar oge gboo – ụbọ akwara isii nke Antonio Torres mere (narị afọ XIX).
• Ụbọ akwara bụ ụbọ akwara isii nke emebere ka ọ were eriri igwe.
• Flamenco guitar – guitar oge gboo, dabara na mkpa nke ụdị egwu flamenco, nwere ụda olu dị nkọ karị.
• guitar jazz (gita orchestral) bụ aha ahaziri Gibson archtops na analogues ha. Ndị guitars ndị a nwere ụda dị nkọ, nke a na-amata nke ọma na nhazi nke egwu egwu jazz, bụ nke kpebiri na ha na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị egwu jazz nke 20s na 30s nke XX narị afọ.

Site na ọrụ a rụrụ

• Solo guitar – guitar emebere ka ọ rụọ akụkụ solo dị ụtọ, nke ejiri ụda ndetu dị nkọ ma na-agụkwu nke ọma mara.

Na egwu oge gboo, a na-ewere guitar solo dị ka guitar na-enweghị mkpokọta, akụkụ niile na-ewere otu guitar, ụdị egwu egwu kacha sie ike.

• guitar Rhythm – guitar emebere ka ọ kpọọ akụkụ dị egwu, nke nwere ụda ụda dị egwu na nke edo edo karịa, ọkachasị n'obere frequency.
• Bass Guitar - Guitar dị ala nke a na-ejikarị eme ahịrị bass.

Site na ọnụọgụ nke eriri

• Ụbọ akwara anọ (guitar-string) bụ ụbọ akwara nwere eriri anọ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ụbọ akwara anọ bụ bass guitar ma ọ bụ guitar tenor.
• Ụbọ akwara isii (guitar 6-string) - guitar nwere eriri isii. Kacha ọkọlọtọ na zuru ebe dị iche iche.
• Gita eriri asaa (gita eriri asaa) - guitar nwere eriri asaa otu. Ọtụtụ ọdabara na egwu Russia na Soviet site na narị afọ nke 7-18 ruo ugbu a.
• Guita eriri iri na abụọ (gita 12-string) - guitar nwere eriri iri na abụọ, na-eme ụzọ isii, na-ege ntị, dịka iwu, na usoro oge gboo na octave ma ọ bụ n'otu. Ọ bụ ndị ọkachamara n'ịgba egwu rock, ndị na-egwu egwu na ndị barịị na-akpọ ya.
• Ndị ọzọ - Enwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke obere etiti na ụdị ngwakọ nke guitar nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ na-abawanye ụba. E nwere ihe mgbakwunye dị mfe nke eriri iji gbasaa ihe dị iche iche nke ngwá ọrụ (dịka ụdọ ise na eriri bass bass isii), yana okpukpu abụọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-eme ka ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ihe niile na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma iji nweta ụda ụda. Enwekwara gita nwere olu agbakwunyere (na-abụkarị otu) maka ịdị mma nke arụmọrụ solo nke ụfọdụ ọrụ.

Ndị ọzọ

• Guita Dobro bụ ụbọ akwara resonator chepụtara na 1928 site n'aka ụmụnna Dopera. Ugbu a "Guitar Dobro" bụ ụghalaahịa nke Gibson nwe.
• Ukulele bụ obere ụdọ anọ nke ụbọ akwara ewepụtara na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 19 na agwaetiti Hawaii.
• Ịkụ ụbọ akwara (guitar tap) – ụbọ akwara emebere ka ejiri ya kpọọ ịpị usoro mmịpụta ụda .
• Guitar Warr bụ ụbọ akwara eletriki, nwere ahụ dị ka ụbọ ọkụ eletrik, ma na-enye ohere ka ụzọ ndị ọzọ nke mmepụta ụda. Enwere nhọrọ nwere eriri 8, 12 ma ọ bụ 14. Enweghị ntọala ndabara.
• Osisi Chapman bụ ụbọ akwara eletrik. Enweghị ahụ, na-enye ohere egwuregwu ahụ site na nsọtụ abụọ. Nwere 10 ma ọ bụ 12 eriri. N'echiche, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịme ihe ruru ndetu iri n'otu oge (10 mkpịsị aka - 1 ndetu).

Usoro guitar

Mgbe ọ na-akpọ guitar, onye na-agụ guitar na-eji mkpịsị aka aka ekpe na-akụ ụdọ dị na fretboard, ma na-eji mkpịsị aka aka nri mepụta ụda n'otu n'ime ụzọ dị iche iche. guitar dị n'ihu onye na-egwu guitar ( n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ, na-ebuli olu ya ruo ogo 45), na-adabere na ikpere , ma ọ bụ na-ekokwasị na eriri nke mafere n'ubu. Ụfọdụ ndị na-agụ guitar aka ekpe na-atụgharị olu guitar gaa n'aka nri, dọba eriri ahụ wee gbanwee ọrụ aka - jiri aka nri machie eriri ahụ, were aka ekpe wepụ ụda ahụ. Ọzọkwa, a na-enye aha aka aka maka onye na-agụ egwu aka nri.

Mmepụta ụda

Ụzọ bụ isi nke mmepụta ụda na guitar bụ pinch - onye na-agụ guitarist na-ejikọta eriri na n'ọnụ mkpịsị aka ya ma ọ bụ mbọ aka ya, na-adọta ntakịrị ma hapụ ya. Mgbe ị na-eji mkpịsị aka na-egwuri egwu, a na-eji ụdị ịpụpụ abụọ: apoyando na tirando .

Apọyando (site na Spanish  na-akwado , nādabere ) bụ apinch mgbe nke a mkpịsị aka dabere na n'akụkụ eriri. Site n'enyemaka nke apoyando, a na-eme akụkụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, yana cantilena, nke chọrọ ụda miri emi na nke zuru oke. Mgbe ole na-ewere (Spanish tirando - sere), n'ime   N'adịghị ka apoyando , mkpịsị aka mgbe a kụrisịrị ya adịghị adabere n'akụkụ eriri dị n'akụkụ, kama ọ na-ekpuchi ya kpamkpam , na ndetu , ma ọ bụrụ na egosighị akara apoyando pụrụ iche (^) , mgbe ahụ, a na-eji usoro tirando na-arụ ọrụ ahụ .

Ọzọkwa, onye na-agụ guitar nwere ike iji mkpịsị aka atọ ma ọ bụ anọ tie eriri niile ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ n'akụkụ otu oge na obere mbọ. _ A na-akpọ usoro mmepụta ụda a rasgueado . Aha "ches" bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị.

Enwere ike iji mkpịsị aka aka nri ma ọ bụ ihe pụrụ iche a na-akpọ plectrum (ma ọ bụ plectrum). The plectrum bụ obere efere dị larịị nke ihe siri ike - ọkpụkpụ, plastik ma ọ bụ ígwè. Onye na-agụ guitar na-ejide ya na mkpịsị aka aka nri ya na ntụtụ ma ọ bụ tie eriri ahụ na ya .

A na-eji slap eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụdị egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ. Iji mee nke a, onye na-agụ guitar na-eji mkpịsị aka ya tie otu eriri ike, ma ọ bụ were were wepụta eriri. A na-akpọ usoro ndị a ụra ( hit ) na pop ( nko ), n'otu n'otu . Ọkachasị ịma ụra a na-eji ya eme ihe mgbe a na-akpọ guitar bass . _

N'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya , e mepụtala usoro egwuregwu pụrụ iche , ụzọ ọhụrụ a na-esi amịpụta ụda, mgbe eriri ahụ na-amalite ụda site na mkpịsị aka ọkụ na-ada n'etiti frets na bọọdụ mkpịsị aka. Usoro mmepụta ụda a ka a na-akpọ ịkụ aka (ịpị aka abụọ mgbe ejiri aka abụọ na-egwu egwu) ma ọ bụ TouchStyle . Na ịkụ aka dị ka ịkpọ piano, na-eji aka nke ọ bụla na-egwu akụkụ nke onwe ya.

Aka ekpe

N'aka ekpe, onye na-agụ guitar na-ejide olu si n'okpuru, dabere na mkpịsị aka ya n'akụkụ azụ ya. A na-eji mkpịsị aka ndị ọzọ na-atụnye eriri ndị dị n'elu ebe a na-arụ ọrụ nke fretboard. A na-ahapụta mkpịsị aka ma gụọ ya dị ka ndị a: 1 - index , 2 - n'etiti , 3 - mgbanaka , 4 - obere mkpịsị aka . A na-akpọ ọnọdụ aka n'ihe gbasara frets "ọnọdụ" ma gosi ya site na ọnụọgụ Rome. Dịka ọmụmaatụ , ọ bụrụ na onye na-agụ guitar na-eji ụdọ gbuo eriri nke 1st mkpịsị aka na 4th na-ewe iwe, ha na-ekwu na aka dị n'ọnọdụ nke anọ. A na-akpọ eriri na-agbasaghị eriri oghere.

A na-ejikọta eriri ahụ na mkpịsị mkpịsị aka - ya mere, jiri otu mkpịsị aka , onye na-agụ guitar na-eji otu eriri na-agbanye otu egwu. Ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye mkpịsị aka mkpịsị aka na fretboard, mgbe ahụ, ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụ ọbụna ihe niile, a ga-agbanye eriri n'otu ihe ahụ ozugbo. A na-akpọ usoro a na-ahụkarị ” barre ". A na-enwe nnukwu barre ( full barre ), mgbe mkpịsị aka na-agbanye ụdọ niile , na obere barre ( ọkara-barre ), mgbe a na-agbanye obere ọnụọgụ (ruo 2). Mkpịsị aka ndị ọzọ na-enwere onwe ha n'oge nhazi nke barre ma enwere ike ijikwa eriri ahụ n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ. E nwekwara ụdọ nke , na mgbakwunye na nnukwu barre na mkpịsị aka mbụ , ọ dị mkpa iji were obere mmanya na-eme ihe dị iche iche , nke a na-eji mkpịsị aka ọ bụla n'efu, dabere na "egwu egwu" nke otu. eriri .

Aghụghọ gita

Na mgbakwunye na usoro ịkpọ ụbọ akwara akọwara n'elu, e nwere usoro dị iche iche nke ndị na-akụ ụbọ na-eji n'ụdị egwu dị iche iche.

• Arpeggio ( brute ike ) – usoro mmịpụta nke ụda olu. A na-eme ya site n'usoro iji otu mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ karịa na-adọpụta eriri dị iche iche.
• Arpeggio – ngwa ngwa, n'otu mmegharị, mmịpụta ụda dị n'usoro dị na eriri dị iche iche.
• Ehulata ( tightening ) – na-ebuli ụda site transverse ntugharị nke eriri tinyere fret aku . Dabere na ahụmịhe nke onye na-agụ guitar na eriri ejiri, usoro a nwere ike ịbawanye ndetu ewepụtara site na otu na ọkara ruo ụda abụọ.
  • Ehulata dị mfe - a na-ebute eriri ahụ wee dọpụta ya.
  • Prebend – a na-ebu ụzọ dọpụta eriri ahụ wee pịa ya .
  • Agbaghachite azụ – a na-ewelite eriri n'ime obi , tie wee wedata ya na ndetu izizi.
  • Ehulata nke ọma - ịkụ eriri ahụ, na-agbatị, wee wedata eriri ahụ na ụda mbụ.
  • Ehulata ndetu amara – na-akụ eriri n'otu oge site na imechi.
  • Unison bend - a na-ewepụta site na ịkụ ụdọ abụọ, mgbe ahụ, ndetu ala ruru elu nke elu. Ihe ndetu abụọ a na-ada n'otu oge.
  • Microbend bụ ihe ebuli na-adịghị edozi n'ịdị elu, site na ihe dịka 1/4 nke ụda.
• Jiri mkpịsị aka gbada - gbadaa , jiri mkpịsị aka elu , jiri index gbadaa ala na plọg , jiri ndeksi gbago elu.
• Vibrato bụ obere mgbanwe n'oge ọ bụla na ụda ụda ewepụtara. A na-eme ya site n'enyemaka nke oscillations nke aka ekpe n'olu, ebe ike nke ịpị eriri ahụ na-agbanwe, yana ike nke esemokwu ya na, ya mere, ụda olu. Ụzọ ọzọ a na-esi eme vibrato bụ site n'ịrụ ọrụ oge niile nke usoro "ehulata" ruo obere elu. Na gita eletrik nke nwere “whammy bar” ( sistemu tremolo ), a na-ejikarị lever eme vibrato.
• Asato ( rumba ) - mkpịsị aka ndede ala , isi mkpịsị aka ala , mkpịsị aka ndenye elu } ugboro 2 , ndeksi ala na elu .
• Glissando bụ mgbanwe na-amị amị n'etiti ndetu. Na guitar , ọ ga-ekwe omume n'etiti ndetu dị n'otu eriri ahụ, a na-eme ya site na ịkwaga aka site n'otu ọnọdụ gaa na nke ọzọ na-ahapụghị mkpịsị aka na-agbanye eriri ahụ.
• Golpe ( Spanish :  igbu  – ịfụ ) – Usoro ịgba egwu, iji mbọ aka na-akụ bọọdụ ụda nke ụbọ akwara, mgbe ị na-egwu egwu. Eji tumadi na egwu flamenco . _
• Legato – arụmọrụ ndetu na-aga n'ihu. A na-eji aka ekpe egwuri egwu .
  • Na-ebili ( percussion ) legato – eriri na-ada ụda na-amachi site na mmegharị dị nkọ ma sie ike nke mkpịsị aka aka ekpe, ebe ụda enweghị oge ịkwụsị. Aha Bekee maka usoro a bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị - hama , hammer - he .
  • Na-agbada legato - a na-ewepụ mkpịsị aka ahụ na eriri ahụ, na-ebuli ya ntakịrị n'otu oge ahụ. Enwekwara aha Bekee – ọdọ mmiri , ọdọ mmiri – gbanyụọ .
  • A trill bụ mgbanwe ngwa ngwa nke ndetu abụọ a na-eme site na nchikota hama na usoro ọdọ mmiri.
• A na-eji mmegharị aka nri a dọpụtagoro agbapụta Pizzicato. A na-ejide eriri ahụ n'aka nri n'etiti mkpịsị aka ọkpọ na mkpịsị aka , mgbe ahụ, a na-eweghachi eriri ahụ azụ n'ebe dị anya wee hapụ ya. A na-adọghachikarị eriri ahụ azụ n'ebe dị anya, na-ebute ụda dị nro. Ọ bụrụ na ebe dị anya buru ibu, mgbe ahụ eriri ahụ ga-akụtu frets ma tinye ụda na ụda.
• Na-eji nkwụ aka nri na-egwu egwu, mgbe a na-etinye nkwụ aka nri n'akụkụ ihe nkwụnye (akwa), akụkụ ụfọdụ na eriri. Aha bekee maka usoro a nke ndị na-agụ ụbọ oge a na-ejikarị bụ “ nkwụ ogbi ” ( Eng. ogbi  - ogbi).  
• Pulgar ( Spanish :  isi mkpịsị aka  – isi mkpịsị aka ) – iji mkpịsị aka aka nri egwuri egwu. Isi usoro nke mmepụta ụda na egwu flamenco. A na-ebu ụzọ kụọ eriri ahụ n'akụkụ pulp wee na-akụ ya na nsọtụ nke thumbnail.
• Sweep ( bekee  iza - zachaa ) - na-ejiri eriri elu elu ma ọ bụ ala mgbe ị na-egwu arpeggios , ma ọ bụ na-eji eriri ndị ahụ emechiri emechi elu ma ọ bụ ala , na-emepụta ụda na-ekpochapụ n'ihu isi ihe ndetu.
• Staccato – Short, staccato ndetu . A na-eme ya site n'ime ka nrụgide dị na eriri mkpịsị aka aka ekpe , ma ọ bụ site n'imechi eriri nke aka nri , ozugbo ọ nwesịrị ụda ma ọ bụ ụda.
• Ịgba ịgbà bụ usoro ịgba egwú ọzọ nke mejupụtara ịpị ụdọ n'akụkụ ebe a na-akwụ ụgwọ, dabara adaba maka guitar nwere ahụ oghere, ụda olu na ọkara-acoustic.
• Tremolo bụ ihe a na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na-enweghị ịgbanwe ndetu.
• A harmonic bụ nchikota nke isi harmonic nke eriri site na imetụ eriri ụda ahụ aka kpọmkwem n'ebe ahụ na-ekewa ya na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke akụkụ. Enwere nkwekọ eke , nke a na-akpọ na eriri ghe oghe , na nke arụrụ arụ , nke a na-egwuri na eriri eriri . Enwekwara ihe a na-akpọ onye ogbugbo a harmonic na-emepụta mgbe ụda na-emepụta n'otu oge site na plectrum na anụ ahụ nke isi mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ mkpịsị aka na-ejide plectrum.

Ndekọ gita

Na guitar , ọtụtụ ụda dị na nso a nwere ike ị nweta n'ụzọ dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike iwere ụda mi nke octave mbụ na eriri 1st mepere emepe, na eriri nke abụọ na fret nke ise, na eriri nke atọ na fret nke 2, _ na eriri nke anọ na fret 5, na nke ise. eriri na fret nke 3 na na eriri nke isii na fret nke iri abụọ na anọ ( na ụbọ akwara 9 nwere frets 4 na nhazi ọkọlọtọ ). _ _ _ Nke a na - eme ka otu ọrụ ahụ nwee ike igwu egwu n'ụzọ dị iche iche, na - ewepụta ụda achọrọ na eriri dị iche iche ma jiri mkpịsị aka dị iche iche tụnye eriri ahụ. N'okwu a, timbre dị iche ga-emeri maka eriri ọ bụla. Nhazi nke mkpịsị aka onye na-egwu guitar mgbe ọ na-egwu ibe ya ka a na-akpọ mkpịsị aka nke ibe ahụ. Consonances na ụdọ dị iche iche nwekwara ike ịbụ na-egwuri egwu n'ọtụtụ ụzọ ma nwee mkpịsị aka dị iche iche. Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche maka ịdekọ mkpịsị aka guitar.

Ngosipụta egwu

N'ọkwa egwu ọgbara ọhụrụ, mgbe a na-edekọ ihe maka ụbọ, a na-eji usoro mgbakọ na-egosi mkpịsị aka nke ọrụ ahụ. Ya mere, eriri nke a na-atụ aro ka ịkpọ ụda na-egosi site na nọmba eriri na gburugburu, ọnọdụ aka ekpe ( mode ) na-egosi site na ọnụọgụ Rome, mkpịsị aka. aka ekpe - nọmba sitere na 1 ruo 4 (oriri mepere emepe - 0), mkpịsị aka aka nri - na mkpụrụedemede Latin p , i , m na a , na ntụzịaka nke ịhọrọ nwere akara ngosi  ( ala , ya bụ, pụọ gị ) na  (elu, ya bụ, n'ebe onwe gị).

Na mgbakwunye, mgbe ị na-agụ egwu, ị kwesịrị icheta na guitar bụ ihe ntụgharị - arụ ọrụ maka guitar na-edekọkarị octave dị elu karịa ụda ha na-ada. Emere nke a iji zere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ahịrị ndị ọzọ si n'okpuru.

Tablature

Ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi dekọọ ọrụ maka guitar bụ ndekọ tablature, ma ọ bụ tablature. The guitar tablature adịghị egosi ịdị elu , ma ọnọdụ na eriri nke ọ bụla ụda nke ibe. Ọzọkwa na nrịbama tablature, enwere ike iji akara mkpịsị aka yiri nke ejiri n'ọkwa egwu. Enwere ike iji nrịbama tablature mee ihe n'onwe ya yana nkwekọ na akara egwu.

Fingering

Enwere onyonyo eserese nke mkpịsị aka a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'usoro mmụta ịkpọ ụbọ akwara, nke a na-akpọkwa "ịpị aka". Mkpịsị aka yiri nke ahụ bụ iberibe olu ụbọ akwara nke nwere ntụpọ nwere ntụpọ maka ịtọ mkpịsị aka aka ekpe n'usoro. Enwere ike ịhọpụta mkpịsị aka site na nọmba ha, yana ọnọdụ nke iberibe na fretboard.

Enwere klaasị ngwaahịa sọftụwia "ndị na-agbakọ ihe mgbako guitar" - ndị a bụ mmemme nwere ike gbakọọ na eserese eserese niile nwere ike ịme mkpịsị aka enyere.

Ngwa maka guitar

Enwere ike iji ụbọ akwara na ngwa dị iche iche mee ihe n'oge eji yana arụ ọrụ, gụnyere ndị a:

• Plectrum (onye ogbugbo) - obere efere (nke e ji plastik mee ọkpụkpụ, ígwè) na ọkpụrụkpụ nke 0. 1-1 (mgbe ụfọdụ ruo 3) mm, eji maka mmịpụta ụda.
• Ihe mmịfe - cylinder oghere nke ihe siri ike ma dị larịị, nke na-abụkarị ígwè ma ọ bụ iko ( bottleneck), nke a na-eyi na mkpịsị aka aka ekpe; na-arụ ọrụ nke " ọnụ ụzọ amịkpọ ", ​​na-enye gị ohere ịghara iji akọ gbanwee ụda ụda ndị e wepụrụ .
• Capo – ngwaọrụ nke na-akụchi niile ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ eriri mgbe niile n'otu oge, iji mee ka egwu dị mfe na igodo ụfọdụ yana ịbawanye ụda nke ngwa ahụ.
• Ikpe – ihe dị nro ma ọ bụ nke siri ike ma ọ bụ ikpe maka ịchekwa na ( ma ọ bụ ) iburu guitar .
• Nkwụ ( nkwụ ) – ngwaọrụ maka idozi ngwa ngwa n'ala ma ọ bụ mgbidi, maka nchekwa obere oge.
• Eriri guitar bụ eriri e ji ihe na-adịgide adịgide mee ( akpụkpọ anụ ma ọ bụ sịntetik ) nke na-enye onye na-agụ guitar ohere ịme ihe n'ụzọ dị mma mgbe ọ na-eguzo.
• Clef guitar bụ ngwá ọrụ maka ịhazigharị olu nke guitar oge gboo (nke ejiri ihe ngbanwe pụrụ iche jikọtara ya na ahụ).
• Ihe mkpuchi hex – t . n . " truss ", iji dozie ntugharị olu ( na , ya mere , anya dị n'etiti eriri na frets ) na ọtụtụ guitar ọgbara ọhụrụ site n'ịtọpụ - na-eme ka mkpanaka truss kwụsị. Otu igodo ahụ, mana ọ pere mpe, ka ejiri ya mee ihe ozugbo na ezi ukpụhọde nke ọdịiche dị n'etiti eriri na olu na ụfọdụ ụdị nke electric guitars.
• Turntable - ngwaọrụ na-eme ka ikuku nke ụdọ dị mfe; bụ nozzle - ndọtị nke aka nke usoro mkpọ.
• Enwere ike ịkewapụ - yana ụbọ akwara, enwere ike iji pickup pụrụ iche na-abụghị akụkụ nke imepụta ụbọ akwara, mana etinyere ya n'ime oghere resonator ma ọ bụ tinye ya na ahụ akụrụngwa site n'èzí.
• Tuner bụ ngwaọrụ eletrọnịkị nke na-eme ka ịgbagharị guitar dị mfe site n'ile anya na-egosi izi ezi nke eriri ọ bụla.
• Eriri akụrụngwa – waya eletrịkị kpuchiri ekpuchipụrụ iche maka ịnyefe mgbaama sitere na ụbọ ọkụ eletrik gaa na-amụba , ịgwakọta , ndekọ na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ.
• Polish maka nlekọta ahụ, olu ma ọ bụ ụda ụda.
• Mkpọ nke ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche ^[8] nke ahụ na-enye gị ohere ịkwaga ngwa ngwa site n'otu ngbanwe gaa na nke ọzọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na ọkọlọtọ gaa na "Tropped D").

References

1. ↑ . Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu egwu [Trans . ya na ya . B. P. Jurgenson , tinye . rus . ngalaba]. _ - M. : DirectMedia Publishing , 2008 . - CD - ROM
2. ↑ Charnasse, Helene. Six-string guitar  : From the beginnings to the present day . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _
3. ↑ 阮 ruọn ; yuǎn agba . muses . zhuan , yuan ( ngwa ụdọ oge ochie a pịrị apị ) ” Nnukwu ọkọwa okwu Chinese – Russian na mpịakọta anọ”
4. ↑ 月琴 yuèqín agba . muses . yueqin ( 4 - ngwa eriri nwere okirikiri ma ọ bụ ahụ nwere akụkụ 8 ) ” Great Chinese – akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Russian na mpịakọta anọ “
5. ↑ Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch . ed . A . M . Prokhorov . – 4th ed . _ _ — M . : Owls . encyclopedia , 1989 . ISBN 5-85270-001-0 _ _ _ _ _ _
6. ↑ ^{1 2 3} GUITAR na obodo anyị
7. ↑ Magazin Rolling Stone: Ndepụta nke 100 Kasị Guitarists nke oge niile.
8. ↑ Ibe ngwaahịa na webụsaịtị onye nrụpụta
9. Sharnasset, Helen. Six-string guitar  : From the origins to the present day = Helene Charnasse , La guitare . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _Mark Philips, John Chappel. Guitar for Dummies( full version )= Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 384 . — ISBN 0-7645-5106 – X _ _ _ _
10. John Chappel. Rock guitar for ” dummies “= Rock Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 368 . — ISBN 0-7645-5356-9 _ _ _ _ _ _

Gita FAQ

Ego ole ka ezigbo guitar na-eri?

Maka $ 150-200 enwere ọtụtụ ụdị ọbụlagodi nwere njikọ, yana tuner arụnyere na mmetụta. Na ọbụna maka $ 80-100 ị nwere ike ịzụta ezigbo guitar nke EUPHONY, akara MartinEZ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ụdị mmefu ego na-adịghị ọnụ na ọnụahịa, mana ezigbo mma na ụda.

Kedu guitar kacha mma ịzụta maka ndị mbido?

Ndị ọkachamara na-akwado ịmalite ọzụzụ site na iji guitar kpochapụ. A na-etinye eriri nylon dị nro na ya, mmanya ahụ nwere ụbara obosara, na ụda nwere ike mara dị ka nro na gburugburu. Na guitar ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-arụ ọrụ oge ochie, yana egwu n'ụdị jazz na flamenco.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti guitar oge gboo na egwu egwu?

A na-eji eriri naịlọn maka ụbọ akwara. Ha dị nro ka a na-emetụ ha aka, ọ dịkwa mfe ịmanye ha n'olu guitar. Na ụbọ akwara enwere eriri igwe siri ike karịa nke na-eme ka ụda ahụ sie ike na juputara. N'ọnọdụ ndị a na-adịghị ahụkebe, enwere ike itinye eriri igwe arụpụtara nke ọma na ụbọ akwara.