André Jolivet |

André Jolivet

Achọrọ m ịlaghachi egwu n'ihe ọ pụtara n'oge ochie, mgbe ọ bụ ngosipụta nke ụkpụrụ anwansi na incantatory nke okpukpe na-ejikọta ndị mmadụ. A. Zholyve

Onye France na-ede egwú n’oge a A. Jolivet kwuru na ya na-agbalịsi ike ịbụ “ezigbo mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, onye nwere mbara.” O weere egwú dị ka ihe anwansi na-emetụta ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ anwansi. Iji kwalite mmetụta a, Jolivet na-achọkarị ngwakọta timbre pụrụ iche. Ndị a nwere ike ịbụ ụdịdị ụdị na rhythms nke ndị Africa, Asia na Oceania, mmetụta sonorous (mgbe ụda na-emetụta agba ya na-enweghị ọdịiche doro anya n'etiti ụda onye ọ bụla) na usoro ndị ọzọ.

Aha Jolivet pụtara na egwu egwu n'etiti afọ 30, mgbe ọ rụrụ dị ka onye otu ndị otu Young France (1936), nke gụnyere O. Messiaen, I. Baudrier na D. Lesure. Ndị na-ede egwú a na-akpọ maka ịmepụta "egwu ndụ" jupụtara na "ekpo ọkụ ime mmụọ", ha rọrọ nrọ nke "mmadụ ọhụrụ" na "ọhụụ ịhụnanya" (nke bụ ụdị mmeghachi omume na mmasị na constructivism na 20s). N'afọ 1939, obodo ahụ tiwara, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha gara n'ụzọ nke ya, nọgide na-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi nye echiche nke ntorobịa. A mụrụ Jolivet n'ime ezinụlọ egwu (nne ya bụ ezigbo pianist). Ọ mụtara ihe ndị bụ isi nke mejupụtara P. Le Flem, na mgbe ahụ - na E. Varèse (1929-33) na ngwá ọrụ. Site na Varèse, nna nna nke sonor na egwu eletrọnịkị, mmasị Jolivet maka nnwale ụda mara mma n'ọtụtụ akụkụ. Ná mmalite nke ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-ede egwú, Jolivet nọ na-ejide echiche nke "ịmara ihe kachasị mkpa nke" anwansi incantatory "egwu." Nke a bụ otú okirikiri nke piano iberibe "Mana" (1935) pụtara. Okwu ahụ bụ "mana" n'otu n'ime asụsụ Africa pụtara ike dị omimi nke na-ebi n'ime ihe. A na-aga n'ihu ahịrị a site na "Incantations" maka ọjà solo, "Egwuregwu Egwu" maka ndị egwu egwu, "Symphony of Dances and Delphic Suite" maka ọla, ebili mmiri Martenot, ụbọ akwara na ụda. Jolivet na-ejikarị ebili mmiri Martenot - echepụtara na 20s. ngwá egwú eletrik na-emepụta ihe dị nro, dị ka ụda na-adịghị ala ala.

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Jolivet chịkọtara ma nọrọ ihe dị ka otu afọ na ọkara n'agha. Mmetụta nke oge agha mere ka "Mkpesa atọ nke onye agha" - ọrụ ụda olu nke ụlọ na uri nke ya (Jolivet nwere nkà edemede mara mma na ọbụna na-ala azụ n'oge ntorobịa ya nke nkà na-enye mmasị). 40s - oge mgbanwe n'ụdị Jolivet. Piano Sonata nke mbụ (1945), nke a raara nye onye na-ede akwụkwọ Hungary B. Bartok, dị iche na "mkpụrụ edemede" nke mbụ na ike na doo anya nke ụda. Okirikiri ụdị na-agbasa ebe a na opera ("Dolores, ma ọ bụ ọrụ ebube nke nwanyị jọrọ njọ") na 4 ballet. Ndị kacha mma n'ime ha, "Guignol na Pandora" (1944), na-akpọlite ​​mmụọ nke ihe ngosi nwa nkịta. Jolivet na-ede 3 symphonies, orchestral suites ("Transoceanic" na "French"), mana ụdị ọkacha mmasị ya na 40-60s. bụ egwu egwu. Ndepụta ngwa solo dị na concertos Jolivet naanị na-ekwu maka ịchọ nkwuwapụta timbre na-agwụ ike. Jolivet dere concerto mbụ ya maka ebili mmiri nke Martenot na ndị egwu egwu (1947). Nke a sochiri concertos maka opi (2), ọjà, piano, harp, bassoon, cello (Nke abụọ Cello Concerto raara nye M. Rostropovich). E nwere ọbụna ihe nkiri ebe ngwá egwú solo! Na Concerto nke Abụọ maka opi na ndị egwu egwu, a na-anụ ụda jazz, na n'egwuregwu piano, yana jazz, a na-anụ ụda egwu Africa na Polynesia. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ede egwú French (C. Debussy, A. Roussel, O. Messiaen) lere anya na omenala ndị pụrụ iche. Ma o yighị ka onye ọ bụla nwere ike iji ya tụnyere Jolivet na mgbe niile nke mmasị a, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịkpọ ya "Gauguin na egwu."

Ihe omume Jolivet dị ka onye na-egwu egwu dị iche iche. Ruo ogologo oge (1945-59) ọ bụ onye nduzi egwu nke ihe nkiri Paris Comedie Francaise; N'ime ọtụtụ afọ, o kere egwu maka ihe ngosi 13 (n'etiti ha "The Imaginary Sick" nke JB Moliere dere, "Iphigenia in Aulis" site na Euripides). Dị ka onye nduzi, Jolivet rụrụ n'ọtụtụ mba nke ụwa ma na-eleta USSR ugboro ugboro. Nkà edemede ya gosipụtara onwe ya n'akwụkwọ gbasara L. Beethoven (1955); na-agbalịsi ike mgbe niile isoro ọha na eze na-ekwurịta okwu, Jolivet mere dị ka onye nkụzi na onye nta akụkọ, bụ isi ndụmọdụ banyere egwu okwu na French Ministry of Culture.

N'ime afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Jolivet tinyere onwe ya na pedagogy. Ebe ọ bụ na 1966 na ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị ya, onye na-ede egwú na-ejide ọnọdụ nke prọfesọ na Paris Conservatory, ebe ọ na-akụzi ihe mejupụtara klas.

N'ikwu okwu banyere egwu na mmetụta anwansi ya, Jolivet na-elekwasị anya na nkwurịta okwu, mmetụta nke ịdị n'otu n'etiti ndị mmadụ na ụwa dum: "Egwu bụ isi ihe omume nke nkwurịta okwu ... Nkwurịta okwu n'etiti onye na-ede egwú na ọdịdị ... n'oge ịmepụta ọrụ, na mgbe ahụ. nkwurịta okwu n'etiti onye na-ede egwú na ọha na eze n'oge a na-arụ ọrụ arụmọrụ ". Onye na-ede egwú jisiri ike nweta ịdị n'otu dị otú ahụ n'otu n'ime ọrụ ya kasị ukwuu - oratorio "The Truth about Jeanne". Emere ya na nke mbụ na 1956 (afọ 500 mgbe ikpe ikpe ahụ kwụsịrị Joan nke Arc) na ala nna nke heroine - na obodo Domremy. Jolivet ji ihe odide nke protocol nke usoro a, yana uri nke ndị na-ede uri oge ochie (gụnyere Charles nke Orleans). Emere oratorio a abụghị n'ụlọ egwu egwu, kama na mbara ikuku, n'ihu ọtụtụ puku mmadụ.

K. Zenkin